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arXiv 2104.08199astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRphysics.plasm-ph
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强MHD turbulence中的粒子加速

Particle acceleration in strong MHD turbulence

Martin Lemoine

摘要:

磁流体动力学(MHD)湍流中粒子的非热加速在许多天体物理场中起着重要作用。这个物理是在强湍流的背景下解决的,由相干结构而不是波组成,超出了准线性理论的范围。本说明书按照原始费米方案的精神,通过一系列帧来跟踪粒子的动量,其中电场消失。它将能量增益(或损失)的来源与磁场线的速度梯度(特别是沿场线方向投影的它们的速度流的加速度和剪切)以及它们在横向平面中的压缩相联系。这些速度梯度受到强烈的不稳定性:它们是空间局部化的,其强度服从幂律分布,如通过约翰霍普金斯大学数据库的不可压缩MHD模拟中的直接测量所示。这种不稳定性以一种重要的方式影响了加速过程,这为丰富的现象学开辟了前景。特别是,动量分布,这是在这里捕获通过分析随机游走模型,显示扩展的幂律尾巴与软到硬的演变的时间,在一般协议与最近的动力学数值模拟。扩展这种描述和可能的探索途径进行了讨论。

英文摘要:

Nonthermal acceleration of particles in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence plays a central role in a wide variety of astrophysical sites. This physics is addressed here in the context of a strong turbulence, composed of coherent structures rather than waves, beyond the realm of quasilinear theory. The present description tracks the momentum of the particle through a sequence of frames in which the electric field vanishes, in the spirit of the original Fermi scenario. It connects the sources of energy gain (or loss) to the gradients of the velocity of the magnetic field lines, in particular the acceleration and the shear of their velocity flow projected along the field line direction, as well as their compression in the transverse plane. Those velocity gradients are subject to strong intermittency: they are spatially localized and their strengths obey power law distributions, as demonstrated through direct measurements in the incompressible MHD simulation of the Johns Hopkins University database. This intermittency impacts the acceleration process in a significant way, which opens up prospects for a rich phenomenology. In particular, the momentum distribution, which is here captured through an analytical random walk model, displays extended power law tails with soft-to-hard evolution in time, in general agreement with recent kinetic numerical simulations. Extensions to this description and possible avenues of exploration are discussed.

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