Froehlich熵估计：一种研究condensed matter有序状态的方法综述
Comprehensive review on Froehlich entropy estimation: a technique to investigate the state of order in condensed matter
摘要：
所谓的Froehlich熵是材料在施加电场下的熵变。在适当的假设下，这个量可以直接从测量的介电函数的实部计算。虽然Froehlich熵是为有偏样本定义的，但一个简单的物理解释将其与所考虑的物理系统在没有场的情况下的有序状态相关联。当从实验结果计算Froehlich熵时，其趋势能够给出关于所探索化合物的温度演化的若干信息，特别是其相变特征。本文对物理体系（偶极液体和线虫、有机分子晶体、金属纳米粒子、无机无序铁电体等）的研究进展进行了综述。其中该方法已经被用于评估它们的有序状态。该方法已被应用的化合物的品种表明，Froehlich熵的估计可以被认为是一个值得信赖的工具进行研究的状态，不同类别的材料的秩序。事实上，Froehlich熵评估可以被认为是一种富有成效的和可靠的调查技术，可以利用更常见的实验方法。
英文摘要：
The so-called Froehlich entropy is the entropy variation of a material under the application of an electric field. This quantity can be calculated, under suitable hypotheses, directly from the measured real part of the dielectric function. Although Froehlich entropy is defined for a biased sample, a straightforward physical interpretation correlates it to the state of order of the considered physical system in absence of field. When Froehlich entropy is calculated from experimental results, its trend is able to give several information about the evolution in temperature of the explored compound, especially of its phase transition features. We here provide a comprehensive review of the physical systems (dipolar liquids and nematicons, organic molecular crystals, metallic nanoparticles, inorganic disordered ferroelectrics, etc.) where this approach has been exploited with the aim of evaluating their state of order. The variety of compounds where this method has been applied demonstrates that the estimation of the Froehlich entropy can be considered a trustworthy tool for carrying out study on the state of order of different classes of materials. Indeed Froehlich entropy evaluation can be considered a fruitful and reliable investigation technique which can be exploited alongside more usual experimental approaches.
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