光与热力学：作为内可逆热机的三能级laser
Light and thermodynamics: the three-level laser as an endoreversible heat engine
摘要：
在过去，为了把热力学原理应用于激光器，人们设计了许多热机模型。其中最著名的是用负温度来描述粒子数反转的模型。在本文中，我们提出了一个新的温标不基于油藏温度。这是通过揭示内可逆热机产生的最佳功率和三能级激光谐振腔的最佳输出耦合功率的表达式之间的形式数学相似性来实现的。因此，内可逆性理论可以应用于高功率激光器冷却的新效率分析。我们将内可逆性的概念推广到四能级激光模型。
英文摘要：
In the past, a number of heat engine models have been devised to apply the principles of thermodynamics to a laser. The best one known is the model using a negative temperature to describe population inversion. In this paper, we present a new temperature scale not based on reservoir temperatures. This is realized by revealing a formal mathematical similarity between the expressions for the optimum power generated by an endoreversible heat engine and the optimum output-coupled power from a three-level laser resonator. As a consequence, the theory of endoreversibility can be applied to enable a new efficiency analysis of the cooling of high-power lasers. We extend the endoreversibility concept also to the four-level laser model.
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