国内和MNE部门之间的关联性和战略联系在区域分支和复原力方面的作用
The role of relatedness and strategic linkages between domestic and MNE sectors in regional branching and resilience
摘要：
尽管跨国企业在国际市场和国内经济中发挥着关键作用，但对它们对东道国经济的影响却没有达成共识。特别是，跨国公司是否通过知识外溢刺激新的国内企业？在这里，我们看看跨国公司对爱尔兰地区的国内产业的进入和退出的影响之前，期间和之后的2008年金融危机。具体而言，我们感兴趣的是，跨国公司在一个地区的存在是否会导致知识溢出和在相关部门创造新的国内产业。为了量化一个产业与一个地区的产业篮子之间的关系，我们提出了两个凝聚力指标，加权紧密度和战略紧密度，它们分别反映了一个地区产业之间的直接联系和复杂的连接结构。我们使用了2006-2019年间爱尔兰政府支持的公司（涵盖90%的制造业和出口）的数据集。我们发现，国内产业都更有可能进入和不太可能离开一个地区，如果他们涉及到所谓的“重叠”行业包含国内和跨国公司。与此相反，我们发现国内进入和生存的负面影响，从凝聚力的“独家跨国公司”的行业，这表明国内企业无法“飞跃”，并在跨国公司接近行业蓬勃发展，可能是由于技术或专业知识的差距。这种动态被打破，国内公司进入MNE专属部门，2017-18年英国脱欧多元化基金的大量注入。最后，凝聚力的类型很重要。例如，对进入和退出都重要的是战略性的而不是加权的与专属国内部门的接近程度。
英文摘要：
Despite the key role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in both international markets and domestic economies, there is no consensus on their impact on their host economy. In particular, do MNEs stimulate new domestic firms through knowledge spillovers? Here, we look at the impact of MNEs on the entry and exit of domestic industries in Irish regions before, during, and after the 2008 Financial Crisis. Specifically, we are interested in whether the presence of MNEs in a region results in knowledge spillovers and the creation of new domestic industries in related sectors. To quantify how related an industry is to a region's industry basket we propose two cohesion measures, weighted closeness and strategic closeness, which capture direct linkages and the complex connectivity structure between industries in a region respectively. We use a dataset of government-supported firms in Ireland (covering 90% of manufacturing and exporting) between 2006-2019. We find that domestic industries are both more likely to enter and less likely to leave a region if they are related to so-called 'overlapping' industries containing both domestic and MNE firms. In contrast, we find a negative impact on domestic entry and survival from cohesion to 'exclusive MNE' industries, suggesting that domestic firms are unable to 'leap' and thrive in MNE-proximate industries likely due to a technology or know-how gap. This dynamic was broken, with domestic firms entering MNE exclusive sectors, by a large injection of Brexit diversification funds in 2017-18. Finally, the type of cohesion matters. For example, strategic rather than weighted closeness to exclusive domestic sectors matters for both entries and exits.
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