复杂多重合并星系团Abell 2744的非热辐射解析：射电和X射线分析
Dissecting nonthermal emission in the complex multiple-merger galaxy cluster Abell 2744: Radio and X-ray analysis
摘要：
本文首次利用升级后的巨型米波射电望远镜（uGMRT）对大质量、高扰动的星系团Abell 2744进行了深低频射电观测。该星团正在经历一个非常复杂的多重合并，并拥有一个巨大的光环和四个射电遗迹。uGMRT观测，加上现有的VLA和钱德拉观测，使我们能够研究这个系统中活跃的物理机制的复杂性。我们的新图像显示，中心晕发射更多地向低频延伸。我们发现，综合频谱的晕遵循幂律之间的150 MHz和3 GHz，而它的子区域表现出显着不同的频谱，也具有高频频谱陡峭。晕圈还显示了光谱指数与平均值显著不同的局部区域。我们的研究结果强调，在许多无线电晕中观察到的整体幂律谱也可能来自不同子分量的叠加。射电表面亮度和光谱指数与X射线亮度和温度的比较首次揭示了不同的趋势，表明晕由两个主要成分组成。这个系统中的所有四个遗迹都遵循幂律无线电频谱，与马赫数在$3.0-4.5$范围内的激波相容。所有的遗迹在1-4 GHz之间都是高度极化的，并且表现出较低的法拉第色散，这表明它们位于星团的最外层。Abell 2744中非热成分的分布和性质的复杂性支持了多重合并的情况，这也是以前的X射线和透镜研究所强调的。我们独特的结果表明，敏感和高分辨率，多频无线电观测的重要性，了解ICM的热和非热成分之间的相互作用。
英文摘要：
We present the first deep low frequency radio observations of the massive and highly disturbed galaxy cluster Abell 2744 using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT). The cluster is experiencing a very complex multiple merger and hosts a giant halo and four radio relics. The uGMRT observations, together with existing VLA and Chandra observations, allow us to study the complexity of the physical mechanisms active in this system. Our new images reveal that the central halo emission is more extended toward low frequencies. We find that the integrated spectrum of the halo follows a power-law between 150 MHz and 3 GHz, while its subregions show significantly different spectra, also featuring high frequency spectral steepening. The halo also shows local regions in which the spectral index is significantly different from the average value. Our results highlight that an overall power-law spectrum, as observed in many radio halos, may also arise from the superposition of different subcomponents. The comparison of the radio surface brightness and spectral index with the X-ray brightness and temperature reveals for the first time different trends, indicating that the halo consists of two main components. All four relics in this system follow a power-law radio spectrum, compatible with shocks with Mach numbers in the range $3.0-4.5$. All relics are also highly polarized from 1-4 GHz and show low Faraday dispersion measures, suggesting that they are located in the outermost regions of the cluster. The complexity in the distribution and properties of nonthermal components in Abell 2744 supports a multiple merger scenario, as also highlighted by previous X-ray and lensing studies. Our unique results demonstrate the importance of sensitive and high-resolution, multi-frequency radio observations for understanding the interplay between the thermal and non-thermal components of the ICM.
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