双玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的量子涡旋泡
Bubbles with attached quantum vortices in trapped binary Bose-Einstein condensates
摘要：
在耦合的Gross-Pitaevskii方程组下，数值研究了能量稳定的双组分不混溶玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的“芯幔”构型的特殊拓扑激发.在模拟中首次观察到了非平稳的长寿命相干结构，它由几个从外到内穿透“地幔”的量子涡丝组成，反之亦然，并表现出相当不平凡的动力学。如果“芯”和“套”之间的界面足够大，而表面张力不小，则细丝的末端可以保持附着在“芯”和“套”之间的界面上。这种“气泡”的形状受到旋涡的强烈影响，有时远非球形。
英文摘要：
Specific topological excitations of energetically stable "core-and-mantle" configurations of trapped two-component immiscible Bose-Einstein condensates are studied numerically within the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. Non-stationary long-lived coherent structures, that consist of several quantum vortex filaments penetrating the "mantle" from outside to inside and vice-versa and demonstrate quite nontrivial dynamics, are observed in simulations for the first time. The ends of filaments can remain attached to the interface between the "mantle" and the "core" if the latter is large enough while the surface tension is not small. The shapes of such "bubbles" are strongly affected by the vortices and sometimes are far from being spherical.
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