冰芯科学遇到计算机视觉：挑战与展望
Ice Core Science Meets Computer Vision: Challenges and Perspectives
摘要：
极地冰芯通过自然档案在研究地球气候系统方面发挥着核心作用。一个紧迫的问题是分析最古老的，高度薄的冰芯部分，其中古气候信号的识别特别具有挑战性。为此，最先进的激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）成像由于其结合了微米级2D化学信息和视觉特征，具有革命性的潜力。然而，定量研究记录保存化学图像提出了新的问题，需要计算机视觉社区的专业知识。为了说明这一新的跨学科前沿，我们描述了一组选定的关键问题。一个关键的任务是评估古气候意义的单线配置文件沿主核心轴，这是一个规模依赖的问题，先进的图像分析方法是至关重要的。另一个重要问题是评价沉积后地层的变化，化学图像为此提供了丰富的信息。因此，在计算机视觉和冰芯科学这两个科学界之间开始加强交流的时机已经成熟。利用自动图像分析技术研究高分辨率化学图像的新框架的合作建设也将有利于LA-ICP-MS化学成像在地球科学中的广泛应用。
英文摘要：
Polar ice cores play a central role in studies of the earth's climate system through natural archives. A pressing issue is the analysis of the oldest, highly thinned ice core sections, where the identification of paleoclimate signals is particularly challenging. For this, state-of-the-art imaging by laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has the potential to be revolutionary due to its combination of micron-scale 2D chemical information with visual features. However, the quantitative study of record preservation in chemical images raises new questions that call for the expertise of the computer vision community. To illustrate this new inter-disciplinary frontier, we describe a selected set of key questions. One critical task is to assess the paleoclimate significance of single line profiles along the main core axis, which we show is a scale-dependent problem for which advanced image analysis methods are critical. Another important issue is the evaluation of post-depositional layer changes, for which the chemical images provide rich information. Accordingly, the time is ripe to begin an intensified exchange among the two scientific communities of computer vision and ice core science. The collaborative building of a new framework for investigating high-resolution chemical images with automated image analysis techniques will also benefit the already wide-spread application of LA-ICP-MS chemical imaging in the geosciences.
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