A Parametric Galactic Model toward the Galactic Bulge Based on Gaia and Microlensing Data
Naoki Koshimoto, Junichi Baba, David P. Bennett
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47 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables, accepted to ApJ. A code for microlensing simulation using the developed Galactic model is available via https://github.com/nkoshimoto/genulens
We developed a parametric Galactic model toward the Galactic bulge by fitting to spatial distributions of the Gaia DR2 disk velocity, VVV proper motion, BRAVA radial velocity, OGLE-III red clump star count, and OGLE-IV star count and microlens rate, optimized for use in microlensing studies. We include the asymmetric drift of Galactic disk stars and the dependence of velocity dispersion on Galactic location in the kinematic model, which has been ignored in most previous models used for microlensing studies. We show that our model predicts a microlensing parameter distribution significantly different from those typically used in previous studies. We estimate various fundamental model parameters for our Galaxy through our modeling, including the initial mass function (IMF) in the inner Galaxy. Combined constraints from star counts and the microlensing event timescale distribution from the OGLE-IV survey, in addition to a prior on the bulge stellar mass, enable us to successfully measure IMF slopes using a broken power-law form over a broad mass range, $α_{\rm bd}=0.22^{+0.20}_{-0.55}$ for $M<0.08\,M_{\odot}$, $α_{\rm ms} = 1.16^{+0.08}_{-0.15}$ for $0.08\,M_{\odot}\leq\,M<M_{\rm br}$, and $α_{\rm hm} = 2.32^{+0.14}_{-0.10}$ for $M\geq\,M_{\rm br}$, as well as a break mass at $M_{\rm br} = 0.90^{+0.05}_{-0.14} \, M_{\odot}$. This is significantly different from the Kroupa IMF for local stars, but similar to the Zoccali IMF measured from a bulge luminosity function. We also estimate the dark matter mass fraction in the bulge region of $28\pm7$\% which could be larger than a previous estimate. Because our model is purely parametric, it can be universally applied using the parameters provided in this paper.
Revealing Short-period Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs in the Galactic Bulge using the Microlensing Xallarap Effect with the \textit{Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope}
\textit{Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope}(\textit{ Roman})将提供大量的微透镜光变曲线,其测光精度比正在进行的地面观测高得多。这样的光变曲线将使我们能够观察到以前难以检测的高阶微透镜效应。在本文中,我们研究了\textit{Roman}利用源星的轨道运动,即所谓的xallarap效应,探测和表征源系统中短周期行星和棕矮星(BD)的潜力。我们分析估计xallarap参数的测量不确定度使用Fisher矩阵分析。我们表明,\textit{Roman}银河系外行星巡天(RGES)可以检测到温暖的彗星质量下降到0.5 $M_{\rm Jup}$和轨道周期为30天,通过xallarap效应。假设由\citet{Cumming+2008}得到的行星频率函数,我们发现在微透镜巡天中,\textit{Roman}将探测到$\sim10$热、暖彗星和$\sim30$近距离黑洞。这些探测很可能伴随着对伴星质量和轨道要素的测量,这将有助于研究银河系凸起中近距离行星和BD种群的物理特性。
GAIA卫星可以通过微透镜效应精确测量附近褐矮星和低主序星的质量。如果地面望远镜也能跟踪微透镜事件,提供密集采样的测光,科学产量将最大化。有两种可能的策略。首先,正在发生的事件可以由GAIA的光度或天体测量警报触发。第二,可以用已知的高自行星作为透镜来预测事件。这很容易,因为可以预测事件的位置和时间。使用GAIA源密度,我们估计,高自行($>300$ mas yr $^{-1}$)棕矮星的样本大小需要提供可预测的事件在5年的任务寿命是令人惊讶的小,只有100的顺序。这与UKIDSS大面积巡天和全天空WISE卫星已经知道的高自行棕矮星的数量相当。如果透镜的相对视差和爱因斯坦半径角可以从天体测量数据中恢复,那么透镜的质量就可以找到。微透镜提供了测量单个物体质量的唯一方法,而不管它们的光度如何。因此,用GAIA进行微透镜是在褐矮星区域进行质量清点的最佳方法。
Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut(海德堡大学天文中心,天文计算研究所);Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), The University of Sydney(悉尼大学天体物理研究所);Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine(加州大学欧文分校唐纳德布伦信息与计算机科学学院);Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw(华沙大学天文台);Astrophysics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research(国家核研究中心天体物理学部)
The Microlensing Event Rate and Optical Depth Toward the Galactic Bulge from MOA-II
We present measurements of the microlensing optical depth and event rate toward the Galactic Bulge based on two years of the MOA-II survey. This sample contains ~1000 microlensing events, with an Einstein Radius crossing time of t_E < 200 days between -5 <l< 10 degree and -7 <b< -1 degree. Our event rate and optical depth analysis uses 474 events with well defined microlensing parameters. In the central fields with |l| < 5 degree, we find an event rates of Γ= [2.39+/-1.1]e^{[0.60 \pm 0.05](3- |b| )}x 10^{-5}/star/yr and an optical depth of τ_{200} = [2.35+/-0.18]e^{[0.51+/-0.07](3- |b| )}x 10^…
TESS's First Bound Microlensing Planet: A Binary Microlensing Event Revealing a Planetary Companion toward the Galactic Plane
University of New Mexico(新墨西哥大学);Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CNRS, Institut UTINAM UMR 6213(玛丽和路易斯·巴斯德大学,法国国家科学研究中心,UTINAM研究所);Texas Tech University(德克萨斯理工大学);The Ohio State University(俄亥俄州立大学)
An Updated SynthPop Model for Microlensing Simulations I: Model Description & Evaluation
University of California Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);The Ohio State University(俄亥俄州立大学);Louisiana State University(路易斯安那州立大学);NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory(美国宇航局喷气推进实验室);Space Science Institute(空间科学研究所);Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory(劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室);Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学天文学研究所)
Historic microlensing events in the euclid Galactic Bulge Survey
Università di Salerno(萨莱诺大学);Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli(意大利国家核物理研究所那不勒斯分部);Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte(意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台);Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II(那不勒斯费德里科二世大学);Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CNRS, Institut UTINAM UMR 6213(玛丽与路易·巴斯德大学,法国国家科学研究中心,UTINAM联合研究实验室);Greenhill Observatory & School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania(塔斯马尼亚大学格林山天文台与自然科学学院);Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris(索邦大学,法国国家科学研究中心,巴黎天体物理学研究所);Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM(巴黎萨克雷大学,巴黎西岱大学,法国原子能和替代能源委员会,法国国家科学研究中心,天体物理信息与测量联合研究实验室)
Probing Exotic Astrophysical Dark objects through Astrometric Microlensing from Gaia
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune(印度科学教育研究所浦那分校);Indian Institute of Technology Bombay(孟买印度理工学院);Louisiana State University(路易斯安那州立大学)
Kinematics of RR Lyrae stars in the Galactic bulge with OGLE-IV and Gaia DR2
结合OGLE-IV测光数据和Gaia DR 2自行,我们分析了银河系隆起中15,599颗基本模式RR天琴座(RRL)恒星的运动学和空间分布。我们表明,纵向自行和视线速度可以给出类似的结果,在银河系中心区域的旋转。球丘RRL的角速度约为$35$ km s $^{-1}$ kpc $^{-1}$,明显小于大多数球丘恒星的角速度($50-60$ km s $^{-1}$ kpc $^{-1}$);球丘RRL的速度色散比年轻恒星大(120 $-$ 140 km s $^{-1}$)。通过旋转曲线和空间分布,揭示了核球RRL的运动学特征与其金属丰度的关系。贫金属RRL([Fe/H]< $-1$)显示出比富金属RRL更小的棒角。我们还发现线索表明,在隆起的RRL不占主导地位的晕星。这些结果可能解释一些以前的矛盾的结果,对核球RRLs和帮助理解银河系核球的化学动力学演化。