Image composition assessment is crucial in aesthetic assessment, which aims to assess the overall composition quality of a given image. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is neither dataset nor method specifically proposed for this task. In this paper, we contribute the first composition assessment dataset CADB with composition scores for each image provided by multiple professional raters. Besides, we propose a composition assessment network SAMP-Net with a novel Saliency-Augmented Multi-pattern Pooling (SAMP) module, which analyses visual layout from the perspectives of multiple composition patterns. We also leverage composition-relevant attributes to further boost the performance, and extend Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) loss to weighted EMD loss to eliminate the content bias. The experimental results show that our SAMP-Net can perform more favorably than previous aesthetic assessment approaches.
With the rapid development of multimedia technology, Augmented Reality (AR) has become a promising next-generation mobile platform. The primary theory underlying AR is human visual confusion, which allows users to perceive the real-world scenes and augmented contents (virtual-world scenes) simultaneously by superimposing them together. To achieve good Quality of Experience (QoE), it is important to understand the interaction between two scenarios, and harmoniously display AR contents. However, studies on how this superimposition will influence the human visual attention are lacking. Therefore,…
National Tsing Hua University（国立清华大学）；Taiwan AI Labs（台湾人工智能实验室）；Academia Sinica（中央研究院）
Automatic saliency prediction in 360° videos is critical for viewpoint guidance applications (e.g., Facebook 360 Guide). We propose a spatial-temporal network which is (1) weakly-supervised trained and (2) tailor-made for 360° viewing sphere. Note that most existing methods are less scalable since they rely on annotated saliency map for training. Most importantly, they convert 360° sphere to 2D images (e.g., a single equirectangular image or multiple separate Normal Field-of-View (NFoV) images) which introduces distortion and image boundaries. In contrast, we propose a simple and effective Cub…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Beijing University of Technology（北京工业大学）；University of Macau（澳门大学）
Augmented reality (AR) overlays digital content onto the reality. In AR system, correct and precise estimations of user's visual fixations and head movements can enhance the quality of experience by allocating more computation resources on the areas of interest. However, there is inadequate research about understanding the visual exploration of users when using an AR system or modeling AR visual attention. To bridge the gap between the saliency prediction on real-world scene and on scene augmented by virtual information, we construct the ARVR saliency dataset with 12 diverse videos viewed by 2…
State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学虚拟现实技术与系统国家重点实验室）；Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学杭州创新研究院）；AI Lab of China Merchants Bank（招商银行人工智能实验室）
Co-saliency detection aims to detect common salient objects from a group of relevant images. Some attempts have been made with the Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) framework and achieve satisfactory detection results. However, due to stacking convolution layers and pooling operation, the boundary details tend to be lost. In addition, existing models often utilize the extracted features without discrimination, leading to redundancy in representation since actually not all features are helpful to the final prediction and some even bring distraction. In this paper, we propose a co-attention modu…
Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）；Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence（人工智能初始研究所）
Humans perform co-saliency detection by first summarizing the consensus knowledge in the whole group and then searching corresponding objects in each image. Previous methods usually lack robustness, scalability, or stability for the first process and simply fuse consensus features with image features for the second process. In this paper, we propose a novel consensus-aware dynamic convolution model to explicitly and effectively perform the "summarize and search" process. To summarize consensus image features, we first summarize robust features for every single image using an effective pooling …
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；XI’AN University of Posts & Telecommunications（西安邮电大学）
Video smoke detection is a promising fire detection method especially in open or large spaces and outdoor environments. Traditional video smoke detection methods usually consist of candidate region extraction and classification, but lack powerful characterization for smoke. In this paper, we propose a novel video smoke detection method based on deep saliency network. Visual saliency detection aims to highlight the most important object regions in an image. The pixel-level and object-level salient convolutional neural networks are combined to extract the informative smoke saliency map. An end-t…
Top-down saliency models produce a probability map that peaks at target locations specified by a task/goal such as object detection. They are usually trained in a fully supervised setting involving pixel-level annotations of objects. We propose a weakly supervised top-down saliency framework using only binary labels that indicate the presence/absence of an object in an image. First, the probabilistic contribution of each image region to the confidence of a CNN-based image classifier is computed through a backtracking strategy to produce top-down saliency. From a set of saliency maps of an imag…
Structural pruning can simplify network architecture and improve inference speed. We propose Hardware-Aware Latency Pruning (HALP) that formulates structural pruning as a global resource allocation optimization problem, aiming at maximizing the accuracy while constraining latency under a predefined budget on targeting device. For filter importance ranking, HALP leverages latency lookup table to track latency reduction potential and global saliency score to gauge accuracy drop. Both metrics can be evaluated very efficiently during pruning, allowing us to reformulate global structural pruning un…
Autonomous vehicles are expected to operate safely in real-life road conditions in the next years. Nevertheless, unanticipated events such as the existence of unexpected objects in the range of the road, can put safety at risk. The advancement of sensing and communication technologies and Internet of Things may facilitate the recognition of hazardous situations and information exchange in a cooperative driving scheme, providing new opportunities for the increase of collaborative situational awareness. Safe and unobtrusive visualization of the obtained information may nowadays be enabled throug…
In video understanding, most cross-modal knowledge distillation (KD) methods are tailored for classification tasks, focusing on the discriminative representation of the trimmed videos. However, action detection requires not only categorizing actions, but also localizing them in untrimmed videos. Therefore, transferring knowledge pertaining to temporal relations is critical for this task which is missing in the previous cross-modal KD frameworks. To this end, we aim at learning an augmented RGB representation for action detection, taking advantage of additional modalities at training time throu…
Visual saliency patterns are the result of a variety of factors aside from the image being parsed, however existing approaches have ignored these. To address this limitation, we propose a novel saliency estimation model which leverages the semantic modelling power of conditional generative adversarial networks together with memory architectures which capture the subject's behavioural patterns and task dependent factors. We make contributions aiming to bridge the gap between bottom-up feature learning capabilities in modern deep learning architectures and traditional top-down hand-crafted featu…
Semantic-Aware Label Placement for Augmented Reality in Street View
College of Mathematics and Information Science, Hebei Normal University（河北师范大学数学与信息科学学院）；Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University（天普大学计算机与信息科学系）
CA-Stream: Attention-based pooling for interpretable image recognition
Centrale Marseille（马赛中央理工学院）；Aix Marseille Univ（艾克斯-马赛大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Institute of Intelligent Software（智能软件研究所）；Institute of Advanced Research on Artificial Intelligence (IARAI)（高级人工智能研究所（IARAI））
We propose a framework for top-down salient object detection that incorporates a tightly coupled image classification module. The classifier is trained on novel category-aware sparse codes computed on object dictionaries used for saliency modeling. A misclassification indicates that the corresponding saliency model is inaccurate. Hence, the classifier selects images for which the saliency models need to be updated. The category-aware sparse coding produces better image classification accuracy as compared to conventional sparse coding with a reduced computational complexity. A saliency-weighted…
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a pervasive pediatric white blood cell cancer across the globe. With the popularity of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), computer-aided diagnosis of cancer has attracted considerable attention. Such tools are easily deployable and are cost-effective. Hence, these can enable extensive coverage of cancer diagnostic facilities. However, the development of such a tool for ALL cancer was challenging so far due to the non-availability of a large training dataset. The visual similarity between the malignant and normal cells adds to the complexity of the probl…
Pohang University of Science and Technology（浦项科技大学）
We propose Uncertainty Augmented Context Attention network (UACANet) for polyp segmentation which consider a uncertain area of the saliency map. We construct a modified version of U-Net shape network with additional encoder and decoder and compute a saliency map in each bottom-up stream prediction module and propagate to the next prediction module. In each prediction module, previously predicted saliency map is utilized to compute foreground, background and uncertain area map and we aggregate the feature map with three area maps for each representation. Then we compute the relation between eac…
In this paper, we propose using \textit{augmented hypotheses} which consider objectness, foreground and compactness for salient object detection. Our algorithm consists of four basic steps. First, our method generates the objectness map via objectness hypotheses. Based on the objectness map, we estimate the foreground margin and compute the corresponding foreground map which prefers the foreground objects. From the objectness map and the foreground map, the compactness map is formed to favor the compact objects. We then derive a saliency measure that produces a pixel-accurate saliency map whic…
Point cloud quality assessment (PCQA) has become an appealing research field in recent days. Considering the importance of saliency detection in quality assessment, we propose an effective full-reference PCQA metric which makes the first attempt to utilize the saliency information to facilitate quality prediction, called point cloud quality assessment using 3D saliency maps (PQSM). Specifically, we first propose a projection-based point cloud saliency map generation method, in which depth information is introduced to better reflect the geometric characteristics of point clouds. Then, we constr…
This paper introduces a new framework to predict visual attention of omnidirectional images. The key setup of our architecture is the simultaneous prediction of the saliency map and a corresponding scanpath for a given stimulus. The framework implements a fully encoder-decoder convolutional neural network augmented by an attention module to generate representative saliency maps. In addition, an auxiliary network is employed to generate probable viewport center fixation points through the SoftArgMax function. The latter allows to derive fixation points from feature maps. To take advantage of th…
Existing saliency models have been designed and evaluated for predicting the saliency in distortion-free images. However, in practice, the image quality is affected by a host of factors at several stages of the image processing pipeline such as acquisition, compression and transmission. Several studies have explored the effect of distortion on human visual attention; however, none of them have considered the performance of visual saliency models in the presence of distortion. Furthermore, given that one potential application of visual saliency prediction is to aid pooling of objective visual q…
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics（南京航空航天大学）；Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院信息工程研究所）
Copy-move forgery is a manipulation of copying and pasting specific patches from and to an image, with potentially illegal or unethical uses. Recent advances in the forensic methods for copy-move forgery have shown increasing success in detection accuracy and robustness. However, for images with high self-similarity or strong signal corruption, the existing algorithms often exhibit inefficient processes and unreliable results. This is mainly due to the inherent semantic gap between low-level visual representation and high-level semantic concept. In this paper, we present a very first study of …
Diagnostic imaging often requires the simultaneous identification of a multitude of findings of varied size and appearance. Beyond global indication of said findings, the prediction and display of localization information improves trust in and understanding of results when augmenting clinical workflow. Medical training data rarely includes more than global image-level labels as segmentations are time-consuming and expensive to collect. We introduce an approach to managing these practical constraints by applying a novel architecture which learns at multiple resolutions while generating saliency…
Instance segmentation can detect where the objects are in an image, but hard to understand the relationship between them. We pay attention to a typical relationship, relative saliency. A closely related task, salient object detection, predicts a binary map highlighting a visually salient region while hard to distinguish multiple objects. Directly combining two tasks by post-processing also leads to poor performance. There is a lack of research on relative saliency at present, limiting the practical applications such as content-aware image cropping, video summary, and image labeling. In this pa…
Quality Assessment and Distortion-aware Saliency Prediction for AI-Generated Omnidirectional Images
Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（图像通信与网络工程研究所，上海交通大学）；Tianjin University（天津大学）；East China Normal University（华东师范大学）；Polytech Nantes, Université de Nantes（南特理工大学）
University of Texas Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；Facebook Inc（脸书公司）
Data augmentation (DA) is an essential technique for training state-of-the-art deep learning systems. In this paper, we empirically show data augmentation might introduce noisy augmented examples and consequently hurt the performance on unaugmented data during inference. To alleviate this issue, we propose a simple yet highly effective approach, dubbed \emph{KeepAugment}, to increase augmented images fidelity. The idea is first to use the saliency map to detect important regions on the original images and then preserve these informative regions during augmentation. This information-preserving …
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center（美国国立卫生研究院临床中心）
Accurately predicting and detecting interstitial lung disease (ILD) patterns given any computed tomography (CT) slice without any pre-processing prerequisites, such as manually delineated regions of interest (ROIs), is a clinically desirable, yet challenging goal. The majority of existing work relies on manually-provided ILD ROIs to extract sampled 2D image patches from CT slices and, from there, performs patch-based ILD categorization. Acquiring manual ROIs is labor intensive and serves as a bottleneck towards fully-automated CT imaging ILD screening over large-scale populations. Furthermore,…
Heilongjiang University（黑龙江大学）；Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of HLJU（黑龙江大学嘉祥工业技术研究院）
The proposed method in this paper proposes an end-to-end unsupervised semantic segmentation architecture DMSA based on four loss functions. The framework uses Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) module to enhance feature extraction. At the same time, a dynamic dilation strategy is designed to better capture multi-scale context information. Secondly, a Pixel-Adaptive Refinement (PAR) module is introduced, which can adaptively refine the initial pseudo labels after feature fusion to obtain high quality pseudo labels. Experiments show that the proposed DSMA framework is superior to the existing…
The Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences（柯朗数学科学研究所）；New York University（纽约大学）
We classify digits of real-world house numbers using convolutional neural networks (ConvNets). ConvNets are hierarchical feature learning neural networks whose structure is biologically inspired. Unlike many popular vision approaches that are hand-designed, ConvNets can automatically learn a unique set of features optimized for a given task. We augmented the traditional ConvNet architecture by learning multi-stage features and by using Lp pooling and establish a new state-of-the-art of 94.85% accuracy on the SVHN dataset (45.2% error improvement). Furthermore, we analyze the benefits of differ…
Enhancing Robustness of Human Detection Algorithms in Maritime SAR through Augmented Aerial Images to Simulate Weather Conditions
Jakarta Intercultural School（雅加达国际学校）；Busan Foreign School（釜山外国语学校）；SMPK 8 Penabur Tanjung Duren（丹戎杜伦佩纳布尔8号初中（基督教学校））；Avon High School（雅芳高中）；Algoverse AI Research（Algoverse人工智能研究院）
Despite the great progress made by deep neural networks in the semantic segmentation task, traditional neural-networkbased methods typically suffer from a shortage of large amounts of pixel-level annotations. Recent progress in fewshot semantic segmentation tackles the issue by only a few pixel-level annotated examples. However, these few-shot approaches cannot easily be applied to multi-way or weak annotation settings. In this paper, we advance the few-shot segmentation paradigm towards a scenario where image-level annotations are available to help the training process of a few pixel-level an…
HAGAN: Hybrid Augmented Generative Adversarial Network for Medical Image Synthesis
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）；Dalian University of Technology（大连理工大学）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Nanjing University（南京大学智能科学与技术学院）
University of California San Diego（加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校）；CUNY Graduate Center（纽约市立大学研究生中心）；Facebook AI Research（Facebook人工智能研究院）
Recent progress in self-supervised learning has demonstrated promising results in multiple visual tasks. An important ingredient in high-performing self-supervised methods is the use of data augmentation by training models to place different augmented views of the same image nearby in embedding space. However, commonly used augmentation pipelines treat images holistically, ignoring the semantic relevance of parts of an image-e.g. a subject vs. a background-which can lead to the learning of spurious correlations. Our work addresses this problem by investigating a class of simple, yet highly eff…
Multi-Scale Fruit Capsules: Dilated Convolutions and Dynamic Routing for In-the-Wild Explainable Fruit Recognition
University of Maryland Baltimore County（马里兰大学巴尔的摩分校）；Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur（印度理工学院克勒格布尔分校）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal（印度科学教育与研究学院博帕尔分校）；UJM-Saint-Etienne（圣埃蒂安大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Laboratoire Hubert Curien（于贝尔·居里安实验室）
