监督分类中的无害标签噪声和信息软标签
Harmless label noise and informative soft-labels in supervised classification
摘要：
手动标记训练示例是监督学习中的常见做法。当标签任务具有非平凡难度时，提供的标签可能不等于地面真实标签，并且标签噪声被引入训练数据集中。如果由多个专家进行手动注释，则相同的训练示例可以由不同的专家给予不同的类分配，这指示标签噪声。在基于模型的分类框架中，一个简单但关键的观察结果是，当使用类别成员的后验概率对手动标签进行采样时，噪声标签在统计信息方面与地面实况标签一样有价值。这个过程的一个放松是一个随机效应模型，用于使用类成员资格的近似后验概率的组的不完美标记。然后可以导出使用噪声标签的逻辑斯谛回归与使用地面实况标签的逻辑斯谛回归相比的相对效率。主要发现是，当标签噪声和分类难度正相关时，逻辑斯谛回归可以对标签噪声具有鲁棒性。特别是，当分类难度是标签错误的唯一来源时，与单组地面真实标签相比，多组噪声标签可以为分类规则的估计提供更多的信息。
英文摘要：
Manual labelling of training examples is common practice in supervised learning. When the labelling task is of non-trivial difficulty, the supplied labels may not be equal to the ground-truth labels, and label noise is introduced into the training dataset. If the manual annotation is carried out by multiple experts, the same training example can be given different class assignments by different experts, which is indicative of label noise. In the framework of model-based classification, a simple, but key observation is that when the manual labels are sampled using the posterior probabilities of class membership, the noisy labels are as valuable as the ground-truth labels in terms of statistical information. A relaxation of this process is a random effects model for imperfect labelling by a group that uses approximate posterior probabilities of class membership. The relative efficiency of logistic regression using the noisy labels compared to logistic regression using the ground-truth labels can then be derived. The main finding is that logistic regression can be robust to label noise when label noise and classification difficulty are positively correlated. In particular, when classification difficulty is the only source of label errors, multiple sets of noisy labels can supply more information for the estimation of a classification rule compared to the single set of ground-truth labels.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
