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arXiv 2104.02782astro-ph.EP
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哪些行星会引发寿命更长的漩涡:低质量还是高质量?

Which planets trigger longer-lived vortices: low-mass or high-mass?

Michael Hammer, Min-Kai Lin, Kaitlin M. Kratter, Paola Pinilla

摘要:

最近的ALMA观测发现了许多原行星盘,这些原行星盘上的环可以用质量小于木星的开隙行星来解释。与此同时,最近的研究表明,原行星盘应该有低水平的湍流。过去对低粘度圆盘的计算工作暗示,这两个发展可能不是自洽的,因为即使是低质量的行星也可能伴随着漩涡而不是传统的双环。我们调查这种潜在的差异进行流体动力学模拟的增长行星的核心在光盘与各种纵横比($H/r=0.04$,0.06,0.08)和粘度($1.5 \times 10^{-5} \lesssim α\lesssim 3 \times 10^{-4}$),这些核心吸积他们的气体质量直接从光盘。通过$α< 10^{-4}$,我们发现与$H/r \le 0.06$相比,在圆盘中的亚土星质量行星更有可能伴随着尘埃不对称,因为它们可以连续触发几代涡旋。我们还发现,与$H/r = 0.08$的漩涡生存$>6000$行星轨道,无论行星质量或光盘质量,因为他们是由行星的螺旋波的影响较小。我们将我们的结果与观测结果联系起来,发现用$H/r \ge 0.08$的涡旋向外迁移可能能够解释Oph IRS 48中的空腔或MWC 758中的两个团块。最后,我们表明,在金牛座的光盘人口中观察到的不对称性的缺乏是出乎意料的,因为在我们的低粘度模拟($α\sim 2 \times 10^{-5}$)的不对称寿命长,我们建议的差异是由于这些光盘具有较高的粘度。

英文摘要:

Recent ALMA observations have found many protoplanetary discs with rings that can be explained by gap-opening planets less massive than Jupiter. Meanwhile, recent studies have suggested that protoplanetary discs should have low levels of turbulence. Past computational work on low-viscosity discs has hinted that these two developments might not be self-consistent because even low-mass planets can be accompanied by vortices instead of conventional double rings. We investigate this potential discrepancy by conducting hydrodynamic simulations of growing planetary cores in discs with various aspect ratios ($H/r=0.04$, 0.06, 0.08) and viscosities ($1.5 \times 10^{-5} \lesssim α\lesssim 3 \times 10^{-4}$), having these cores accrete their gas mass directly from the disc. With $α< 10^{-4}$, we find that sub-Saturn-mass planets in discs with $H/r \le 0.06$ are more likely to be accompanied by dust asymmetries compared to Jupiter-mass planets because they can trigger several generations of vortices in succession. We also find that vortices with $H/r = 0.08$ survive $>6000$ planet orbits regardless of the planet mass or disc mass because they are less affected by the planet's spiral waves. We connect our results to observations and find that the outward migration of vortices with $H/r \ge 0.08$ may be able to explain the cavity in Oph IRS 48 or the two clumps in MWC 758. Lastly, we show that the lack of observed asymmetries in the disc population in Taurus is unexpected given the long asymmetry lifetimes in our low viscosity simulations ($α\sim 2 \times 10^{-5}$), a discrepancy we suggest is due to these discs having higher viscosities.

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