动力学蝌蚪、弦协律和自发紧化的SM
Dynamical Tadpoles, Stringy Cobordism, and the SM from Spontaneous Compactification
摘要：
我们考虑弦论真空与蝌蚪的动力场，并揭示由此产生的时空依赖的解决方案的普遍特征。我们认为，在场变化的时空维度上，解只能延伸有限的距离$Δ$，尺度为$Δ^n\sim {\cal T}$与蝌蚪${\cal T}$的强度。我们表明，在这个距离尺度上产生的天真奇点在物理上被时空的两端所取代，这与沼泽地协边猜想的协边缺陷有关，涉及像定向折叠平面和膜或其奇异变体这样的弦成分。我们用大量的例子来说明这些现象，包括具有3种形式通量的AdS $_5\times T^{1,1}$，10 d大质量IIA，K3上的M理论，10 d非超对称$USp(32)$弦，以及具有3种形式通量和/或磁化D膜的IIB型紧化。我们还描述了一个6d弦模型，其蝌蚪触发自发紧化的半现实的3-家庭MSSM类粒子物理模型。
英文摘要：
We consider string theory vacua with tadpoles for dynamical fields and uncover universal features of the resulting spacetime-dependent solutions. We argue that the solutions can extend only a finite distance $Δ$ away in the spacetime dimensions over which the fields vary, scaling as $Δ^n\sim {\cal T}$ with the strength of the tadpole ${\cal T}$. We show that naive singularities arising at this distance scale are physically replaced by ends of spacetime, related to the cobordism defects of the swampland cobordism conjecture and involving stringy ingredients like orientifold planes and branes, or exotic variants thereof. We illustrate these phenomena in large classes of examples, including AdS$_5\times T^{1,1}$ with 3-form fluxes, 10d massive IIA, M-theory on K3, the 10d non-supersymmetric $USp(32)$ strings, and type IIB compactifications with 3-form fluxes and/or magnetized D-branes. We also describe a 6d string model whose tadpole triggers spontaneous compactification to a semirealistic 3-family MSSM-like particle physics model.
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