职业流动性：意大利的理论与估计
Occupational Mobility: Theory and Estimation for Italy
AI总结：
本文构建了一个基于收入激励、机会平等和职业构成变化的代际职业流动性模型，并利用转移矩阵估计意大利不同出生队列的流动性模式及其结构性差异。
摘要：
本文提出了一个模型，其中代际职业流动性是三个主要决定因素的共同结果：收入激励、机会平等和职业构成的变化。该模型合理化了使用转移矩阵来衡量流动性的做法，从而能够识别不对称的流动性模式，并为每个决定因素制定特定的流动性指数。1940-1951年出生的意大利儿童相对于1965年后出生的人流动性较低。然而，1965年后出生儿童的稳定流动性掩盖了有利于中上阶层的较低结构性流动性，以及来自中上阶层的较高向下流动性。对于1965年后出生的人来说，机会平等远未达到完美，但保持稳定。收入激励的变化反而发挥了主要作用，导致中上阶层的向下流动性更高，下层阶级的向上流动性更低。
英文摘要：
This paper presents a model where intergenerational occupational mobility is the joint outcome of three main determinants: income incentives, equality of opportunity and changes in the composition of occupations. The model rationalizes the use of transition matrices to measure mobility, which allows for the identification of asymmetric mobility patterns and for the formulation of a specific mobility index for each determinant. Italian children born in 1940-1951 had a lower mobility with respect to those born after 1965. The steady mobility for children born after 1965, however, covers a lower structural mobility in favour of upper-middle classes and a higher downward mobility from upper-middle classes. Equality of opportunity was far from the perfection but steady for those born after 1965. Changes in income incentives instead played a major role, leading to a higher downward mobility from upper-middle classes and lower upward mobility from the lower class.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
