澳大利亚天文学史：从第二次世界大战II到登月的重大影响天文学（1945-1969）
History of Astronomy in Australia: Big-Impact Astronomy from World War II until the Lunar Landing (1945-1969)
摘要：
射电天文学在第二次世界大战后正式开始，澳大利亚通过科学和工业研究委员会积极参与其中。在这个关键时刻，澳大利亚的联邦太阳观测站扩大了其业务范围，从主要研究太阳现象扩展到进行恒星和河外研究。随后，在1950年代和1960年代，天文学逐渐成为澳大利亚大学的教学和研究。然而，在这个增长和发现的时代，大多数科学出版物的标题信息中都没有所属国家，因此很难找到这一时期的澳大利亚天文学文章。2014年，我们使用当时新的天体物理数据系统（ADS）工具Bumblebee来克服这一挑战，并追踪了二战后四分之一个世纪内发表的澳大利亚领导的天文学论文，从1945年到1969年登月。这就需要了解当时正在运作的研究中心和设施，本文对此进行了简要总结。基于引用计数-一个客观的，普遍使用的科学影响的措施-我们报告的澳大利亚天文学的文章，有最大的影响。我们已经确定了前十名被引用最多的论文，因此也是他们的研究领域，从五个连续的时间间隔在蓬勃发展的四分之一世纪的天文学。此外，我们还投入了大量的时间进行研究，并向参与研究的62名科学家中的每一位致敬，其中包括几位开拓性的女性。此外，我们还提供了一个广泛的参考文献列表，并指出了许多有趣的历史联系和轶事。
英文摘要：
Radio astronomy commenced in earnest after World War II, with Australia keenly engaged through the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. At this juncture, Australia's Commonwealth Solar Observatory expanded its portfolio from primarily studying solar phenomena to conducting stellar and extragalactic research. Subsequently, in the 1950s and 1960s, astronomy gradually became taught and researched in Australian universities. However, most scientific publications from this era of growth and discovery have no country of affiliation in their header information, making it hard to find the Australian astronomy articles from this period. In 2014, we used the then-new Astrophysics Data System (ADS) tool Bumblebee to overcome this challenge and track down the Australian-led astronomy papers published during the quarter of a century after World War II, from 1945 until the lunar landing in 1969. This required knowledge of the research centres and facilities operating at the time, which are briefly summarised herein. Based on citation counts -- an objective, universally-used measure of scientific impact -- we report on the Australian astronomy articles which had the biggest impact. We have identified the top-ten most-cited papers, and thus also their area of research, from five consecutive time-intervals across that blossoming quarter-century of astronomy. Moreover, we have invested a substantial amount of time researching and providing a small tribute to each of the 62 scientists involved, including several trail-blazing women. Furthermore, we provide an extensive list of references and point out many interesting historical connections and anecdotes.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
