用于农业光伏食品能源生产的双面PV阵列的作物特定优化：光生产率因子方法
Crop-specific Optimization of Bifacial PV Arrays for Agrivoltaic Food-Energy Production: The Light-Productivity-Factor Approach
摘要：
农业生态学（AV）是一种新兴技术，对日益增长的世界人口的粮食-能源-水需求具有共生效益，并具有应对气候脆弱性的内在弹性。农业光伏系统必须优化太阳能电池板和作物之间的阳光共享，以最大限度地提高粮食能源产量，但要受到适当的限制。考虑到单面和双面农场的新兴多样性，缺乏标准化的作物特定指标（以评估辐照度共享的功效）使得难以优化和评估农业光伏系统的性能。在这里，我们引入了一个新的指标，光生产率因子（LPF），评估辐照度共享的有效性为给定的作物类型和光伏阵列设计。该指标使我们能够确定最佳的设计参数，包括空间光伏阵列密度，面板的方向，和单轴跟踪计划特定的PAR的作物的需求。根据定义，对于仅PV或仅作物系统，LPF等于1。AV系统根据作物的阴影敏感度、光伏阵列配置和季节将LPF提高到1到2之间。虽然传统的固定倾斜系统将LPF显著增加到1以上，但我们发现对于具有基于单轴太阳跟踪方案的太阳能农场的耐荫作物，LPF最大化为2。在固定倾斜系统中，东西两面垂直太阳能发电场特别有前途，因为它对阴影敏感作物的季节性产量变化最小，同时提供与标准南北面太阳能发电场相当的LPF。其他好处包括减少土壤污染，方便大型联合收割机和其他农业设备的移动。
英文摘要：
Agrivoltaics (AV) is an emerging technology having symbiotic benefits for food-energy-water needs of the growing world population and an inherent resilience against climate vulnerabilities. An agrivoltaic system must optimize sunlight-sharing between the solar panels and crops to maximize the food-energy yields, subject to appropriate constraints. Given the emerging diversity of monofacial and bifacial farms, the lack of a standardized crop-specific metric (to evaluate the efficacy of the irradiance sharing) has made it difficult to optimize and assess the performance of agrivoltaic systems. Here we introduce a new metric, light productivity factor (LPF), that evaluates the effectiveness of irradiance sharing for a given crop type and PV array design. The metric allows us to identify optimal design parameters including the spatial PV array density, panel orientation, and single axis tracking schemes specific to the PAR needs of the crop. By definition, LPF equals 1 for PV-only or crop-only systems. The AV systems enhances LPF between 1 and 2 depending on the shade sensitivity of the crop, PV array configuration, and the season. While traditional fixed-tilt systems increase LPF significantly above 1, we find LPF is maximized at 2 for shade-tolerant crops with a solar farm based on single axis sun tracking scheme. Among the fixed tilt systems, East-West faced bifacial vertical solar farms is particularly promising because it produces smallest variability in the seasonal yield for shade sensitive crops, while providing LPF comparable to the standard North-South faced solar farms. Additional benefits include reduced soiling and ease of movement of large-scale combine-harvester and other farming equipment.
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