实指数运算的无点构造
Point-free Construction of Real Exponentiation
AI总结:
本文通过无点拓扑和几何理论构造实指数与对数映射,发展其代数规则,并服务于 adelic 几何的 topos 理论研究,旨在为实数与 p 进数关系提供几何视角。
摘要:
我们定义了实指数和对数的无点构造,即构造映射 $\exp\colon (0, \infty)\times \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \\!(0,\infty),\\, (x, ζ) \mapsto x^ζ$ 和 $\log\colon (1,\infty)\times (0, \infty) \rightarrow\mathbb{R},\\, (b, y) \mapsto \log_b(y)$,并为它们发展了熟悉的代数规则。无点方法是构造性的,它将空间的点定义为几何理论的模型,而不是集合的元素——特别是,这允许几何构造应用于生活在不同于 Set 的 topos 中的点。我们的几何发展包括无点拓扑中新的提升和粘合技术,这些技术凸显了 $\mathbb{Q}$ 的性质如何决定实指数运算的性质。这项工作是由我们更广泛的研究计划所推动的,即通过 topos 理论发展 adelic 几何的一个版本。特别是,我们希望构造 $\mathbb{Q}$ 的位点的分类 topos,这将为 $\mathbb{R}$ 与 $\mathbb{Q}_p$ 之间的微妙关系提供一个几何视角,这是一个长期存在的数论兴趣问题。
英文摘要:
We define a point-free construction of real exponentiation and logarithms, i.e.\ we construct the maps $\exp\colon (0, \infty)\times \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \!(0,\infty),\, (x, ζ) \mapsto x^ζ$ and $\log\colon (1,\infty)\times (0, \infty) \rightarrow\mathbb{R},\, (b, y) \mapsto \log_b(y)$, and we develop familiar algebraic rules for them. The point-free approach is constructive, and defines the points of a space as models of a geometric theory, rather than as elements of a set - in particular, this allows geometric constructions to be applied to points living in toposes other than Set. Our geometric development includes new lifting and gluing techniques in point-free topology, which highlight how properties of $\mathbb{Q}$ determine properties of real exponentiation. This work is motivated by our broader research programme of developing a version of adelic geometry via topos theory. In particular, we wish to construct the classifying topos of places of $\mathbb{Q}$, which will provide a geometric perspective into the subtle relationship between $\mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{Q}_p$, a question of longstanding number-theoretic interest.
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