太阳黑子新理论，作者 E. Pezenas（1692-1776）。一份手稿的完整注释版
Nouvelle theorie des taches du Soleil, by E. Pezenas (1692-1776). A fully annoted edition of a manuscript
AI总结：
该研究对 Pezenas 神父1766-1772年间手稿《太阳黑子新理论》进行完整注释，介绍其利用三次黑子观测推导太阳赤道倾角的几何方法，并给出太阳自转周期约26天9小时。
摘要：
手稿《太阳黑子新理论》于2002年在系统检索法国各地文献中关于 Esprit Pezenas（1692-1776）的资料时被识别并归功于这位马赛的耶稣会天文学家和水文学家。这份大部分未出版的手稿《太阳黑子新理论》由马赛耶稣会水文学教授、天文学家 Esprit Pezenas 神父撰写。文本创作并修订于1766年至1772年间。在这份我们将研究其创作条件的手稿中，Pezenas 神父给出了最后一种几何方法之一，即相关的图形方法，该方法利用在给定时刻对太阳黑子的三次观测，并考虑观测期间地球相对于太阳的运动，从而推导出太阳赤道相对于黄道的倾角。该文本包含所有数字要素，使读者能够跟随并理解上述引言中提到的观测几何处理方法和观测技术的应用：太阳边缘和黑子经过子午线，使用物镜测微计和丝线测微计。在计算过程中，Pezenas 神父宣布太阳绕其轴旋转的周期约为26天9小时，并评论和纠正了 Le Monnier 的《天体史》中发表的一些观测数据。
英文摘要：
The manuscript New Theory of Sunspots was identified and attributed to the Jesuit astronomer and hydrographer from Marseille Esprit Pezenas (1692-1776) during the year 2002, during the systematic search for papers concerning him in the various French funds. The manuscript, in large part unpublished, New Theory of Sunspots was written by astronomer and professor of Marseilles Jesuit hydrography, Father Esprit Pezenas (1692-1776). The text was composed and revised between the years 1766 and 1772. In this manuscript, of which we are going to study the conditions of its composition, P. Pezenas gives one of the last geometric methods, related graphical methods, allowing the inclination of the Sun's equator to be deduced on ecliptic, using three observations of a sunspot, at given times, and in taking into account the movement of the Earth with respect to the Sun during the duration of observations. This text contains all the digital elements allowing to follow and understand the application of geometric processing methods of observations and observation techniques mentioned above in the introduction: passages of edges and Sun spots at the meridian, use of objective micrometers and wire micrometers. At detour of his calculations, Father Pezenas announces a duration of about 26 days and 9 hours for the rotation of the Sun around its axis, comments on and corrects some observation data published in Le Monnier's Heavenly History.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
