用额外的机器人手臂和手指增强人体：神经资源分配问题
Enhancing human bodies with extra robotic arms and fingers: The Neural Resource Allocation Problem
摘要：
基于机器人的身体增强技术的出现有望带来令人兴奋的创新，这些创新将为机器人技术、人机交互和可穿戴电子产品提供信息。尽管像额外的机器人手臂和手指这样的增强设备在许多方面都建立在恢复技术的基础上，但它们为双向人机协作带来了独特的挑战。人类能否适应并学会在不牺牲身体能力的情况下与生物肢体合作操作新肢体？为了成功实现机器人身体增强，我们需要确保通过给一个人一个额外的（人造）肢体，我们实际上不是在交易现有的（生物）肢体。在这篇手稿中，我们介绍了“神经资源分配“问题，它将身体增强与现有的机器人范例（如远程操作和假肢）区分开来。我们讨论如何允许有效和毫不费力的自愿控制的增强设备，而不损害自愿控制的生物体。在回顾有关文献额外的机器人手指和四肢，我们严格评估的范围内的潜在解决方案可用于“神经资源分配“的问题。为此，我们将工程和神经科学的多个视角与人机交互，感觉运动整合，道德和法律的考虑相结合。总的来说，我们的目标是为成功实施运动增强定义共同的基础和操作原则。
英文摘要：
The emergence of robot-based body augmentation promises exciting innovations that will inform robotics, human-machine interaction, and wearable electronics. Even though augmentative devices like extra robotic arms and fingers in many ways build on restorative technologies, they introduce unique challenges for bidirectional human-machine collaboration. Can humans adapt and learn to operate a new limb collaboratively with their biological limbs without sacrificing their physical abilities? To successfully achieve robotic body augmentation, we need to ensure that by giving a person an additional (artificial) limb, we are not in fact trading off an existing (biological) one. In this manuscript, we introduce the "Neural Resource Allocation" problem, which distinguishes body augmentation from existing robotics paradigms such as teleoperation and prosthetics. We discuss how to allow the effective and effortless voluntary control of augmentative devices without compromising the voluntary control of the biological body. In reviewing the relevant literature on extra robotic fingers and limbs we critically assess the range of potential solutions available for the "Neural Resource Allocation" problem. For this purpose, we combine multiple perspectives from engineering and neuroscience with considerations from human-machine interaction, sensory-motor integration, ethics and law. Altogether we aim to define common foundations and operating principles for the successful implementation of motor augmentation.
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