用校准的原子钟测量库仑诱导电离时滞
Measuring Coulomb-Induced Ionization Time Lag with a Calibrated Attoclock
摘要：
原子和分子中的电子不能立即对强激光场的作用作出反应。场最大值和电离率最大值之间的时间差（约100阿秒）出现。这种滞后表征了电子波函数对强场电离事件的响应时间，对电离电子的超快动力学过程有重要影响，但在实验中无法获得绝对滞后。在这里，一个校准attocock程序，这是一个简单的库仑诱导的时间校正电子轨迹，提出了测量两个不同的电离事件的相对滞后。使用该过程，差异（即，可以高精度地探测两个连续半激光周期中极性分子的电离时间滞后之间的相对滞后。
英文摘要：
Electrons in atoms and molecules can not react immediately to the action of intense laser field. A time lag (about 100 attoseconds) between instants of the field maximum and the ionization-rate maximum emerges. This lag characterizes the response time of the electronic wave function to the strong-field ionization event and has important effects on subsequent ultrafast dynamics of the ionized electron. The absolute time lag is not accessible in experiments. Here, a calibrated attoclock procedure, which is related to a simple Coulomb-induced temporal correction to electron trajectories, is proposed to measure the relative lag of two different ionization events. Using this procedure,the difference (i.e., the relative lag) between the ionization time lags of polar molecules in two consecutive half laser cycles can be probed with a high accuracy.
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