Observations of the Quiet Sun During the Deepest Solar Minimum of the Past Century with Chandrayaan-2 XSM -- Sub-A Class Microflares Outside Active Regions
Santosh V. Vadawale, N. P. S. Mithun, Biswajit Mondal, Aveek Sarkar, P. Janardhan, Bhuwan Joshi, Anil Bhardwaj, M. Shanmugam, Arpit R. Patel, Hitesh Kumar L. Ad… 展开作者
Santosh V. Vadawale, N. P. S. Mithun, Biswajit Mondal, Aveek Sarkar, P. Janardhan, Bhuwan Joshi, Anil Bhardwaj, M. Shanmugam, Arpit R. Patel, Hitesh Kumar L. Adalja, Shiv Kumar Goyal, Tinkal Ladiya, Neeraj Kumar Tiwari, Nishant Singh, Sushil Kumar
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Accepted for publication in ApJL; 13 pages, 5 figures; All figures of figure set 3 available in the tar file
Solar flares, with energies ranging over several orders of magnitude, result from impulsive release of energy due to magnetic reconnection in the corona. Barring a handful, almost all microflares observed in X-rays are associated with the solar active regions. Here we present, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of a large sample of quiet Sun microflares observed in soft X-rays by the Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) on board the Chandrayaan-2 mission during the 2019-20 solar minimum. A total of 98 microflares having peak flux below GOES A-level were observed by the XSM during observations spanning 76 days. By using the derived plasma temperature and emission measure of these events obtained by fitting the XSM spectra along with volume estimates from concurrent imaging observations in EUV with the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA), we estimated their thermal energies to be ranging from 3e26 to 6e27 erg. We present the frequency distribution of the quiet Sun microflares with energy and discuss the implications of these observations of small-scale magnetic reconnection events outside active regions on coronal heating.
Observations of the Quiet Sun During the Deepest Solar Minimum of the Past Century with Chandrayaan-2 XSM -- Elemental Abundances in the Quiescent Corona
Cross-Calibration of Chandrayaan-2 XSM with INSPIRESat-1 DAXSS and GOES-16 XRS
Physical Research Laboratory（物理研究实验室）；Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation（印度空间研究组织空间应用中心）；Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校大气与空间物理实验室）；Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校空间科学实验室）；Southwest Research Institute（西南研究所）；Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校环境科学研究合作学院）；NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information（美国国家海洋和大气管理局国家环境信息中心）
Elemental Composition Evolution during the 2024 September 30 Solar Eruption: A Comparison of Hot and Cool Plasma Components with Solar Orbiter/SPICE, Hinode/EIS, and Chandrayaan-2/XSM
Southwest Research Institute（西南研究所）；Ann and H.J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校安与H.J.斯梅德航空航天工程科学系）；Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校大气与空间物理实验室）；University of Alabama in Huntsville（阿拉巴马大学亨茨维尔分校）；NASA Marshall Space Flight Center（美国国家航空航天局马歇尔太空飞行中心）
Limits on the axion-photon coupling from Chandrayaan-2 observations
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science（印度科学文化研究所）；Physical Research Laboratory（物理研究实验室）；Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur（坎普尔印度理工学院）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal（博帕尔印度科学与教育研究院）
