揭示I：矮早型星系盘亚结构的定量
Brought to Light I: Quantification of Disk Substructure in Dwarf Early-Type Galaxies
摘要：
矮早型星系（ETG）在光度、结构和动力学性质上表现出丰富的多样性。在这项工作中，我们解决了他们的结构复杂性，通过研究与深度成像的样本9矮ETG从室女座星系团，其特征是具有微弱的磁盘功能，如酒吧和螺旋臂，其中大部分隐藏在明亮的漫射光的星系。我们提出了一种新的，强大的方法，旨在识别和提取嵌入在这些矮ETG的磁盘子结构。该方法包括在一个迭代过程中，逐渐分离成两个组成部分的星系图像;明亮的，占主导地位的扩散组件，和更微弱的，底层磁盘组件。通过将其应用于矮ETG样本，我们量化了它们的磁盘子结构，并发现其对总星系光的相对贡献在两个有效半径范围内介于2.2%至6.4%之间。我们测试的方法的可靠性，并证明它是准确的恢复磁盘子结构，我们介绍了模拟星系图像，即使在低磁盘总的几个百分点的光分数。作为该方法的一个潜在的应用，我们进行傅立叶分析提取的磁盘子结构和测量的方向，长度和强度的酒吧，螺旋臂的螺距角和强度。我们还简要讨论了一个基于我们的同伴论文中提出的数值模拟的场景，带来了光II：史密斯等人。2021，在其中我们研究了这种矮系统中的子结构的起源。
英文摘要：
Dwarf early-type galaxies (ETGs) display a rich diversity in their photometric, structural, and dynamical properties. In this work, we address their structural complexity by studying with deep imaging a sample of nine dwarf ETGs from the Virgo galaxy cluster, characterized by having faint disk features, such as bars and spiral arms, which lie mostly hidden within the bright diffuse light of the galaxies. We present a new, robust method that aims to identify and extract the disk substructure embedded in these dwarf ETGs. The method consists in an iterative procedure that gradually separates a galaxy image into two components; the bright, dominant diffuse component, and the much fainter, underlying disk component. By applying it to the dwarf ETG sample, we quantify their disk substructure and find that its relative contribution to the total galaxy light ranges between 2.2 to 6.4% within two effective radii. We test the reliability of the method, and prove that it is accurate in recovering the disk substructure we introduce in mock galaxy images, even at low disk-to-total light fractions of a few percent. As a potential application of the method, we perform a Fourier analysis on the extracted disk substructures and measure the orientation, length, and strength of the bars, and the pitch angle and strength of the spiral arms. We also briefly discuss a scenario based on the numerical simulations presented in our companion paper, Brought to Light II: Smith et al. 2021, in which we investigate the origins of the substructure in such dwarf systems.
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