温室分子的相对效力
Relative Potency of Greenhouse Molecules
摘要：
在无云自由大气的情况下，对地球上五种最重要的自然产生的温室气体H $_2$ O、CO $_2$、O $_3$、N $_2$ O和CH $_4$以及CF $_4$和SF $_6$的浓度变化所引起的强迫进行了评估。该计算使用了超过150万条强度低至$10^{-27}$ cm的线。对于一个假设的光学薄的大气层，其中吸收带的饱和度可以忽略不计，或者一种类型的温室气体与其他类型的温室气体的干扰可以忽略不计，对于H $_2$ O、CO $_2$、O $_3$、N $_2$ O和CH $_4$，每分子强迫的量级为$10^{-22}$瓦特，对于CF $_4$和SF $_6$为$10^{-21}$瓦特。对于目前的大气浓度，每分子强迫的丰富的温室气体H $_2$ O和CO $_2$被抑制了四个数量级。含量较低的温室气体O PDMATHAMN、N $_2$ O和CH $_4$的强迫作用也受到抑制，但程度要小得多。对于CF $_4$和SF $_6$，抑制小于一个数量级，因为这些气体的浓度非常低。对于当前浓度，O $_3$、N $_2$ O、CH $_4$、CF $_4$和SF $_6$的每分子作用力比H $_2$ O或CO $_2$的每分子作用力大2 - 4个数量级。将CO $_2$、N $_2$ O或CH $_4$的当前浓度加倍，强迫增加百分之几，CF $_4$或SF $_6$的浓度增加100倍，产生的强迫比CO $_2$加倍所获得的强迫小近一个数量级。使用谐振子模型来估计每个分子辐射的功率获得了重要的见解。与5种自然产生的温室气体中最强的谱带不同，CF $_4$和SF $_6$的频率积分截面明显依赖于温度。
英文摘要：
The forcings due to changing concentrations of Earth's five most important, naturally occurring greenhouse gases, H$_2$O, CO$_2$, O$_3$, N$_2$O and CH$_4$ as well as CF$_4$ and SF$_6$ were evaluated for the case of a cloud-free atmosphere. The calculation used over 1.5 million lines having strengths as low as $10^{-27}$ cm. For a hypothetical, optically thin atmosphere, where there is negligible saturation of the absorption bands, or interference of one type of greenhouse gas with others, the per-molecule forcings are of order $10^{-22}$ Watts for H$_2$O, CO$_2$, O$_3$, N$_2$O and CH$_4$ and of order $10^{-21}$ Watts for CF$_4$ and SF$_6$. For current atmospheric concentrations, the per-molecule forcings of the abundant greenhouse gases H$_2$O and CO$_2$ are suppressed by four orders of magnitude. The forcings of the less abundant greenhouse gases, O$_3$, N$_2$O and CH$_4$, are also suppressed, but much less so. For CF$_4$ and SF$_6$, the suppression is less than an order of magnitude because the concentrations of these gases is very low. For current concentrations, the per-molecule forcings are two to four orders of magnitude greater for O$_3$, N$_2$O, CH$_4$, CF$_4$ and SF$_6$ than those of H$_2$O or CO$_2$. Doubling the current concentrations of CO$_2$, N$_2$O or CH$_4$ increases the forcings by a few per cent. A concentration increase of either CF$_4$ or SF$_6$ by a factor of 100 yields a forcing nearly an order of magnitude smaller than that obtained by doubling CO$_2$. Important insight was obtained using a harmonic oscillator model to estimate the power radiated per molecule. Unlike the most intense bands of the 5 naturally occurring greenhouse gases, the frequency-integrated cross sections of CF$_4$ and SF$_6$ were found to noticeably depend on temperature.
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