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arXiv 2103.15848astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COastro-ph.IM
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气体动力学摩擦:扩展扰动体的数值研究

Gaseous Dynamical Friction: a Numerical Study of Extended Perturbers

Ben Morton, Sadegh Khochfar, Jose Oñorbe

AI总结:

本文通过多种高分辨率流体动力学方法模拟气体动力学摩擦,确定了扩展扰动体周围恢复线性点质量解的有效径向范围,并量化了标准模型对阻力的高估程度及其在星系团子晕中的适用条件。

摘要:

大质量天体与其穿行的背景介质之间发生动量和能量转移的过程被称为动力学摩擦(DF)。它是我们理解许多天体物理系统的关键。我们利用拉格朗日无网格有限质量流体动力学求解器、移动网格 MUSCL 格式以及分段抛物线方法(PPM)求解器,展示了一系列气体动力学摩擦的高分辨率模拟。我们使用了一组大质量天体的模拟,这些天体被建模为 Plummer 球体,以马赫数 $0.2 \leq \mathcal{M} \leq 3$ 运动。我们研究了这些求解器在距离扰动体多远的径向距离上能够恢复气体动力学摩擦的线性点质量解。我们分析了阻力以及尾流的结构和时间演化。不同求解器的结果高度一致。当初空间分辨率为 $0.2r_s$ 时达到数值收敛,其中 $r_s$ 是 Plummer 球体的软化尺度。我们发现,当在 $4r_\mathrm{s}$ 以外进行比较时,尾流结构和阻力可以在 $5\\%$ 的水平上得到恢复。我们的结果预测,对于马赫数 $\sim 1$ 的情况,使用标准线性点质量动力学摩擦解的模型会将扩展扰动体上的阻力高估多达 25%。最后,我们考虑了星系团背景下的动力学摩擦,其中暗物质子晕在环星系介质中运动。我们表明,对于质量小于 $10^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$ 的宿主晕中的大多数子晕,动力学摩擦通常处于线性区域,但在更大质量的宿主晕中则处于非线性区域。

英文摘要:

The process of momentum and energy transfer between a massive body and a background medium it is moving through is known as dynamical friction (DF). It is key to our understanding of many astrophysical systems. We present a series of high-resolution simulations of gaseous DF using Lagrangian meshless finite mass hydrodynamics solver, the moving-mesh MUSCL scheme, and the piecewise parabolic method (PPM) solver. We use a set of simulations of massive bodies, modelled as Plummer spheres, moving with Mach $0.2 \leq \mathcal{M} \leq 3$. We investigate at which radial distances from the perturber these solvers recover the linear point mass solution for gaseous DF. We analyse the drag force and the structure and time evolution of the wake. The different solvers agree closely. Numerical convergence is reached when the initial spatial resolution is $0.2r_s$, where $r_s$ is the softening scale of the Plummer sphere. We find that the wake structure and drag force are recovered, at the $5\%$ level, when compared beyond $4r_\mathrm{s}$. Our results predict that models using the standard linear point mass DF solution will overestimate the drag force on extended perturbers by as much as 25\%, for Mach$\sim$1. Finally, we consider DF in the context of galaxy clusters, where dark matter subhaloes move through circumgalactic media. We show that DF is typically in the linear regime for most subhaloes in hosting haloes $<10^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$ but non-linear in more massive host haloes.

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