具有护城河谱的相互作用玻色子的低能物理学及其对condensed matter和冷核物质的意义
Low energy physics of interacting bosons with a moat spectrum, and the implications for condensed matter and cold nuclear matter
摘要：
本文讨论了具有护城河谱的玻色子模型，其中在动量空间中色散关系的极小值在非零半径的球面上。对于具有$O(N)$对称性的无自旋玻色子，我们强调了$N=2$和$N > 2$的本质区别。当为$N=2$时，存在两个相变：在零温度下，转变到具有玻色凝聚的状态，以及在非零温度下，转变到空间非均匀状态。当$N > 2$时，先前的分析表明，质量间隙在任何温度下都是动态产生的。在凝聚态中，护城河谱对于自旋轨道耦合玻色子是很重要的。对于冷核或夸克物质，我们认为输运性质，如中微子发射，是由声子有关的护城河谱;此外，至少在夸克相的核子可能是一个非费米液体。
英文摘要：
We discuss bosonic models with a moat spectrum, where in momentum space the minimum of the dispersion relation is on a sphere of nonzero radius. For spinless bosons with $O(N)$ symmetry, we emphasize the essential difference between $N=2$ and $N > 2$. When $N=2$, there are two phase transitions: at zero temperature, a transition to a state with Bose condensation, and at nonzero temperature, a transition to a spatially inhomogeneous state. When $N > 2$, previous analysis suggests that a mass gap is generated dynamically at any temperature. In condensed matter, a moat spectrum is important for spin-orbit-coupled bosons. For cold nuclear or quarkyonic matter, we suggest that the transport properties, such as neutrino emission, are dominated by the phonons related to a moat spectrum; also, that at least in the quarkyonic phase the nucleons may be a non-Fermi liquid.
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