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arXiv 2103.15720astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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行星候选者WD 1856+534 b的透射光谱及其质量下限

A transmission spectrum of the planet candidate WD 1856+534 b and a lower limit to its mass

R. Alonso, P. Rodríguez-Gil, P. Izquierdo, H. J. Deeg, N. Lodieu, A. Cabrera-Lavers, M. A. Hollands, F. M. Pérez-Toledo, N. Castro-Rodríguez, D. Reverte-Payá

摘要:

冷白矮星WD 1856+534被发现是由一个质量等于或低于14 M $_{\rm{Jup}}$的彗星大小的物体穿过的。我们使用GTC望远镜获得并分析了WD 1856+534 b的六次凌日的测光和低分辨率光谱,目的是推导出透射光谱的斜率,最终探测到其大气中粒子的瑞利散射。这样的斜率,假设大气中没有云,主要是瑞利散射,可以转化为WD 1856+534 b的质量估计。然而,得到的透射光谱基本上是平坦的,因此仅允许测定2- $σ$水平的2.4 M $_{\rm{Jup}}$或3- $σ$水平的1.6 M $_{\rm{Jup}}$的质量下限。这些限制对该物体的一些拟议形成方案有影响。我们根据以前对木星和土卫六的研究,详细说明了云和霾在我们的估计中的潜在影响。此外,我们发现了一个H $α$吸收功能的主机白矮星,导致分配的DA分类,并允许推导出一套独立的大气参数的组合光谱。此外,还以亚秒级的精度测量了五次凌日的历元,这表明可以通过光旅行时间效应探测到质量超过$\approx$ 5 M $_{\rm{Jup}}$、周期超过$O(100)$天的其他天体

英文摘要:

The cool white dwarf WD 1856+534 was found to be transited by a Jupiter-sized object with a mass at or below 14 M$_{\rm{Jup}}$. We used the GTC telescope to obtain and analyse photometry and low resolution spectroscopy of six transits of WD 1856+534 b, with the intention to derive the slope of the transmission spectrum, towards an eventual detection of Rayleigh scattering of the particles in its atmosphere. Such a slope, assuming a cloud-free atmosphere dominated by Rayleigh scattering, could be translated into an estimation of the mass of WD 1856+534 b. However, the resultant transmission spectrum is essentially flat, and therefore permits only the determination of lower mass limits of 2.4 M$_{\rm{Jup}}$ at the 2-$σ$ level, or 1.6 M$_{\rm{Jup}}$ at 3-$σ$. These limits have implications for some of the proposed formation scenarios for the object. We elaborate on the potential effects of clouds and hazes in our estimations, based on previous studies of Jupiter and Titan. In addition, we detected an H$α$ absorption feature in the combined spectrum of the host white dwarf, that leads to the assignation of a DA classification and allows derivation of an independent set of atmospheric parameters. Furthermore, the epochs of five transits were measured with sub-second precision, which demonstrates that additional objects more massive than $\approx$5 M$_{\rm{Jup}}$ and with periods longer than $O(100)$ days could be detected through the light travel time effect

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