NEWFIRM HETDEX调查：在SHELA场中z=3-5超过17.5 ° ^2的大质量静止星系的光度星表和保守样本
The NEWFIRM HETDEX Survey: Photometric Catalog and a Conservative Sample of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z=3-5 over 17.5 deg^2 in the SHELA Field
摘要：
本文介绍了利用KPNO Mayall 4米望远镜上的NEWFIRM近红外（NIR）照相机对斯皮策/HETDEX大面积探测（SHELA）场进行深K_s波段（2.1 μ m）成像观测的结果。NEWFIRM HETDEX巡天（NHS）达到了22.4 AB mag的5 σ深度（2”直径孔径校正为总孔径），在K~22.65和K~22.15处分别完成了约50%和90%，覆盖了24 deg^2的SHELA Spitzer/ IRAC足迹中的22 deg^2（在斯隆数字巡天的"条纹82“内）。我们提出了一个K_s波段选择的目录，其中包括深ugriz成像的暗能量相机和3.6和4.5微米成像的斯皮策/IRAC，强迫测光的17.5 deg^2的170万个来源。这个星表的大面积和中等深度使得研究最大质量的高红移星系成为可能，并将与计数统计和宇宙方差相关的不确定性降到最低。作为演示，我们推导了3 < z < 5处候选星系的恒星质量（M*）和恒星形成率（SFR），并选择了9个候选大质量（M* > 10^11 Msol）静止星系的保守样本，这些星系在该红移处测得的SFR明显低于主序星。其中五个是超大质量的，M* > 10^12，尽管IRAC混合、引力透镜或活动星系核发射的不确定性可能会导致真实质量较低。模拟预测，这些星系应该是非常罕见的，因此，我们讨论了模型中的物理过程可以改变，以允许在这样的早期形成如此巨大的静止星系。
英文摘要：
We present the results of a deep K_s-band (2.1 um) imaging survey of the Spitzer/HETDEX Exploratory Large Area (SHELA) field using the NEWFIRM near-infrared (NIR) camera on the KPNO Mayall 4-m telescope. This NEWFIRM HETDEX Survey (NHS) reaches a 5-sigma depth of 22.4 AB mag (2"-diameter apertures corrected to total), is ~50% and 90% complete at K~22.65 and K~22.15, respectively, and covers 22 deg^2 of the 24 deg^2 SHELA Spitzer/ IRAC footprint (within ``Stripe 82' of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey). We present a K_s-band-selected catalog which includes deep ugriz imaging from the Dark Energy Camera and 3.6 and 4.5 um imaging from Spitzer/IRAC, with forced-photometry of 1.7 million sources across 17.5 deg^2. The large area and moderate depth of this catalog enables the study of the most massive galaxies at high redshift, and minimizes uncertainties associated with counting statistics and cosmic variance. As a demonstration, we derive stellar masses (M*) and star-formation rates (SFRs) for candidate galaxies at 3 < z < 5, and select a conservative sample of nine candidate massive (M* > 10^11 Msol) quiescent galaxies, which have measured SFRs significantly below the main-sequence at this redshift. Five are ultra-massive with M* > 10^12, though uncertainties in IRAC blending, gravitational lensing, or AGN emission could result in true masses which are lower. Simulations predict that these galaxies should be extremely rare, thus we discuss what physical processes in models could be altered to allow the formation of such massive quiescent galaxies at such early times.
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