不平等、身份和党派之争：再分配如何阻止群众极化的浪潮
Inequality, Identity, and Partisanship: How redistribution can stem the tide of mass polarization
摘要：
在许多民主国家，公民对党外政策和成员持强烈负面态度的政治两极分化形式日益突出。经济困难和社会不平等，以及群体间和种族间的冲突，被认为是造成这种被称为“情感两极化”现象的重要因素。“当这些利益和身份与现有的党派分歧一致时，这种党派仇恨就会加剧。在本文中，我们使用的文化进化模型来研究这些力量如何结合起来，产生和维持情感的政治极化。我们发现，经济事件可以驱动情感极化和排序的群体身份沿着党的路线，这反过来又可以放大这些群体之间的潜在不平等的影响。但从更乐观的角度来看，我们表明，通过提供公共品实现足够高水平的财富再分配，可以抵消这种反馈，限制两极分化的加剧。我们测试我们的一些关键的理论预测使用的调查数据组间极化，种族群体的排序和情感极化在美国在过去的50年。
英文摘要：
The form of political polarization where citizens develop strongly negative attitudes towards out-party policies and members has become increasingly prominent across many democracies. Economic hardship and social inequality, as well as inter-group and racial conflict, have been identified as important contributing factors to this phenomenon known as "affective polarization." Such partisan animosities are exacerbated when these interests and identities become aligned with existing party cleavages. In this paper we use a model of cultural evolution to study how these forces combine to generate and maintain affective political polarization. We show that economic events can drive both affective polarization and sorting of group identities along party lines, which in turn can magnify the effects of underlying inequality between those groups. But on a more optimistic note, we show that sufficiently high levels of wealth redistribution through the provision of public goods can counteract this feedback and limit the rise of polarization. We test some of our key theoretical predictions using survey data on inter-group polarization, sorting of racial groups and affective polarization in the United States over the past 50 years.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
