使用3D-FireTOC自动Python代码进行精确的三维火球轨迹和轨道计算
Accurate 3D fireball trajectory and orbit calculation using the 3D-FireTOC automatic Python code
AI总结：
本文介绍3D-FireTOC自动Python软件包，用于从视频记录中检测流星、重建轨迹、计算日心轨道，并应用多种校正，通过分析SPMN记录的两颗火球验证其性能。
摘要：
小行星和彗星的解体产生厘米大小的流星体，这些流星体最终撞击地球大气层并产生明亮的火球，这些火球可能伴有冲击波，或者在地理条件有利的情况下挖掘出陨石坑，使其陷入意想不到的危险情景。对流星和火球进行天体测量归算以推断其大气轨迹和日心轨道涉及一个复杂而繁琐的过程，通常需要许多手动任务。为了简化这一过程，我们提出了一个名为SPMN三维火球轨迹和轨道计算器（3D-FireTOC）的软件包，这是一个自动化的Python代码，用于从视频记录中检测流星、重建轨迹并计算日心轨道。自动化的3D-FireTOC软件包包含一个用户界面和一个图形引擎，该引擎生成逼真的三维表示模型，使用户能够轻松检查结果的几何一致性，并促进科学内容的制作和传播。该软件自动从数字系统中检测流星，完成天体测量，执行测光，计算流星大气轨迹，计算速度曲线，并获得辐射点和日心轨道，同时在每一步中量化误差测量。该软件应用了光行差、折射、天顶吸引、周日光行差和大气消光等校正。它还通过使用α-β准则来表征大气飞行并确定火球的命运，该准则分析火球深入大气层并产生陨石的能力。我们通过分析西班牙火球和陨石网络（SPMN）记录的两颗明亮火球来展示该软件的性能。
英文摘要：
The disruption of asteroids and comets produces cm-sized meteoroids that end up impacting the Earth's atmosphere and producing bright fireballs that might have associated shock waves or, in geometrically-favorable occasions excavate craters that put them into unexpected hazardous scenarios. The astrometric reduction of meteors and fireballs to infer their atmospheric trajectories and heliocentric orbits involves a complex and tedious process that generally requires many manual tasks. To streamline the process, we present a software package called SPMN 3D Fireball Trajectory and Orbit Calculator (3D-FireTOC), an automatic Python code for detection, trajectory reconstruction of meteors, and heliocentric orbit computation from video recordings. The automatic 3D-FireTOC package comprises of a user interface and a graphic engine that generates a realistic 3D representation model, which allows users to easily check the geometric consistency of the results and facilitates scientific content production for dissemination. The software automatically detects meteors from digital systems, completes the astrometric measurements, performs photometry, computes the meteor atmospheric trajectory, calculates the velocity curve, and obtains the radiant and the heliocentric orbit, all in all quantifying the error measurements in each step. The software applies corrections such as light aberration, refraction, zenith attraction, diurnal aberration and atmospheric extinction. It also characterizes the atmospheric flight and consequently determines fireball fates by using the $α- β$ criterion that analyses the ability of a fireball to penetrate deep into the atmosphere and produce meteorites. We demonstrate the performance of the software by analyzing two bright fireballs recorded by the Spanish Fireball and Meteorite Network (SPMN).
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