费米子散射中的末态失踪之谜
Missing final state puzzle in the monopole-fermion scattering
摘要：
众所周知，当带电费米子从电子波散射时，$s$波分量中的费米子必须翻转其手征性，即，费米子数违反一定会发生。这一事实导致了一个难题：如果存在两种或两种以上的无质量费米子，费米子态的任何叠加都不可能是$s$波散射的最终态，因为电荷和味电荷守恒禁止了这种叠加。另一方面，态矢量的幺正演化需要对最终态进行某种解释。我们解决了这个难题，通过寻找新的粒子激发的背景下，多费米子运营商表现出凝聚。粒子被描述为激发的凝聚体的闭弦配置。
英文摘要：
It has been known that when a charged fermion scatters off a monopole, the fermion in the $s$-wave component must flip its chirality, i.e., fermion number violation must happen. This fact has led to a puzzle; if there are two or more flavors of massless fermions, any superposition of the fermion states cannot be the final state of the $s$-wave scattering as it is forbidden by conservation of the electric and flavor charges. The unitary evolution of the state vector, on the other hand, requires some interpretation of the final states. We solve the puzzle by finding new particle excitations in the monopole background, where multi-fermion operators exhibit condensation. The particles are described as excitations of closed-string configurations of the condensates.
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