木星第三大和寿命最长的椭圆形：颜色变化和动力学
Jupiter's third largest and longest-lived oval: Color changes and dynamics
摘要：
木星北赤道带（NEBn）和北热带带（NTrZ）之间的过渡区是对流风暴、气旋和反气旋系统以及大气波的所在地。2006年，在行星纬度19 N形成了一个大型反气旋，并在经历了复杂的动力学历史后持续存在，可能是继木星大红斑和椭圆BA之后地球上第三个寿命最长的椭圆形。这个反气旋与其他椭圆形有着密切的相互作用，并于2013年2月与另一个椭圆形合并;它也经历了颜色的变化，从白色变成红色（2013年9月）。椭圆形在2016年10月发生的北温带扰动的影响下幸存下来，并完全覆盖了椭圆形，使其在短时间内无法观察到。当它从先前的纵向轨道在预期的经度上再次可见时，它重新出现为一个白色的大椭圆形，自2017年以来一直保持这种颜色和相同的形态，至少直到2020年8月木星北温带新的对流扰动开始。在这里，我们描述的历史演变的性质，这个椭圆形。我们使用JunoCam和哈勃太空望远镜（HST）的图像来测量它的大小和内部旋转。我们还使用HST和PlanetCam-UPV/EHU多波长观测来表征其颜色变化，并使用Junocam图像来揭示其详细结构。颜色和高度不透明度指数显示，椭圆形比其环境更高，云更红，但云顶比其他大型椭圆形（如GRS）更低，比GRS和椭圆形BA更红。我们表明，尽管这些年来椭圆形区域遭受了巨大的环境变化，但其主要特征在时间上是稳定的，因此必须与可观测云层下方的大气动力学相关。
英文摘要：
The transition region between the North Equatorial Band (NEBn) and North Tropical Zone (NTrZ) in Jupiter is home to convective storms, systems of cyclones and anticyclones and atmospheric waves. A large anticyclone formed in the year 2006 at planetographic latitude 19N and persists since then after a complex dynamic history, being possibly the third longest-lived oval in the planet after Jupiter's Great Red Spot and oval BA. This anticyclone has experienced close interactions with other ovals, merging with another oval in February 2013; it has also experienced color changes, from white to red (September 2013). The oval survived the effects of the closely located North Temperate Belt Disturbance, which occurred in October 2016 and fully covered the oval, rendering it unobservable for a short time. When it became visible again at its expected longitude from its previous longitudinal track, it reappeared as a white large oval keeping this color and the same morphology since 2017 at least until the onset of the new convective disturbance in Jupiter's North Temperate Belt in August 2020. Here we describe the historic evolution of the properties of this oval. We use JunoCam and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images to measure its size and its internal rotation. We also used HST and PlanetCam-UPV/EHU multi-wavelength observations to characterize its color changes and Junocam images to unveil its detailed structure. The color and the altitude-opacity indices show that the oval is higher and has redder clouds than its environment but has lower cloud tops than other large ovals like the GRS, and it is less red than the GRS and oval BA. We show that in spite of the dramatic environmental changes suffered by the oval during all these years, its main characteristics are stable in time and therefore must be related with the atmospheric dynamics below the observable cloud decks.
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