区分潮汐破坏事件和冒名顶替者
Distinguishing Tidal Disruption Events from Impostors
摘要：
最近声称在多波长数据中探测到潮汐破裂事件（TDEs），为研究星系中心休眠超大质量黑洞的演化和性质打开了潜在的新窗口。目前，有几十个TDE候选者，它们共享一些属性，但在其他属性上有所不同。其性质的范围很广，足以覆盖其他瞬变类型，如活动星系核（AGN）和超新星（SNe），这可能使TDE分类模糊不清。另一个复杂的问题是，“TDE特征”并没有以类似的敏感性被统一观察到，甚至没有针对所有候选人。本章回顾了那些相对于其他TDEs不寻常的事件，包括TDEs在预先存在的活动星系核中的可能性，并总结了那些被认为最能区分TDEs与持续吸积活动星系核、强烈耀斑活动星系核、超新星和伽马射线暴（GRB）以及其他潜在的冒充者（如恒星碰撞、“微TDEs”和环双星吸积流）的特征。我们的结论是，多个观测应被用来分类任何一个事件作为TDE。我们还考虑了TDE候选人口作为一个整体，其中，对于某些宿主星系或SMBH的特性，是从统计上区别于非TDE，这表明至少有一些TDE候选人实际上是从SMBH中断的恒星。
英文摘要：
Recent claimed detections of tidal disruption events (TDEs) in multi-wavelength data have opened potential new windows into the evolution and properties of otherwise dormant supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the centres of galaxies. At present, there are several dozen TDE candidates, which share some properties and differ in others. The range in properties is broad enough to overlap other transient types, such as active galactic nuclei (AGN) and supernovae (SNe), which can make TDE classification ambiguous. A further complication is that "TDE signatures" have not been uniformly observed to similar sensitivities or even targeted across all candidates. This chapter reviews those events that are unusual relative to other TDEs, including the possibility of TDEs in pre-existing AGN, and summarises those characteristics thought to best distinguish TDEs from continuously accreting AGN, strongly flaring AGN, SNe, and Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), as well as other potential impostors like stellar collisions, "micro-TDEs," and circumbinary accretion flows. We conclude that multiple observables should be used to classify any one event as a TDE. We also consider the TDE candidate population as a whole, which, for certain host galaxy or SMBH characteristics, is distinguishable statistically from non-TDEs, suggesting that at least some TDE candidates do in fact arise from SMBH-disrupted stars.
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