自稳定laser金属沉积中粉末捕集效率与沉积层高度的相互影响
Interplay between powder catchment efficiency and layer height in self-stabilized laser metal deposition
摘要：
在激光金属沉积（LMD）中，沉积轨迹的高度可以在层内和层之间变化，从而在工艺演变期间引起显著偏差。先前的工作已经表明，在某些条件下，发生自稳定机制，保持有规律的高度增长和恒定的零件和沉积喷嘴之间的间隔距离。在这里，我们分析粉末捕集效率和沉积高度稳定性之间的联系。为此，开发了一种监测系统，以研究在不同的工艺条件下的沉积，使用内联测量的试样重量与层的高度信息与同轴光学三角测量相结合。分析模型被用来估计的沉积效率在实时的高度监测和工艺参数，这是通过直接的质量测量验证。结果表明，轨迹高度稳定与粉末捕集效率的降低有关，粉末捕集效率由熔池相对于粉末锥和激光束的相对位置决定。对于给定的一组参数，可以估计对峙距离，以实现最高的粉末捕集效率和通过构建方向的规则高度。
英文摘要：
In laser metal deposition (LMD) the height of the deposited track can vary within and between layers, causing significant deviations during the process evolution. Previous works have shown that in certain conditions a self-stabilizing mechanism occurs, maintaining a regular height growth and a constant standoff distance between the part and the deposition nozzle. Here we analyze the link between the powder catchment efficiency and the deposition height stability. To this purpose, a monitoring system was developed to study the deposition in different process conditions, using inline measurements of the specimen weight in combination with the layer height information obtained with coaxial optical triangulation. An analytical model was used to estimate the deposition efficiency in real-time from the height monitoring and the process parameters, which was verified by the direct mass measurements. The results show that the track height stabilization is associated to a reduction of the powder catchment efficiency, which is governed by the melt pool relative position with respect to the powder cone and the laser beam. For a given set of parameters, the standoff distance can be estimated to achieve the highest powder catchment efficiency and a regular height through the build direction.
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