配备绝热退磁制冷的超高真空毫开尔文扫描隧道显微镜
A millikelvin scanning tunneling microscope in ultra-high vacuum with adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration
AI总结：
本研究设计了一款基于绝热退磁制冷的超高真空毫开尔文STM，实现30 mK-1 K精准控温与长时稳定运行，结合隔振屏蔽设计与极简探头达成优异机械稳定性。
摘要：
我们介绍了一款超高真空（UHV）扫描隧道显微镜（STM）的设计与性能，该显微镜利用电子磁矩的绝热退磁控制工作温度，温度范围为30 mK至1 K，精度最高可达7 μK。在50 mK温度下，STM实验可用时长超过20小时；在100 mK时约为40小时。单次绝热退磁制冷机（ADR）可在7小时内自动复温，同时保持STM温度低于5 K。整套装置位于隔振且电磁屏蔽的实验室内，没有机械泵管穿过隔离壁。ADR低温恒温器的1 K储液罐借助定制的大容量低温泵，可在单次运行模式下静音工作超过20天。高度的振动解耦搭配 specially-designed 极简型STM探头，实现了出色的机械稳定性，这一点通过在原子级清洁的Al(100)表面开展的隧穿电流噪声测试、STM成像以及扫描隧道谱测量得到了验证。
英文摘要：
We present the design and performance of an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM) that uses adiabatic demagnetization of electron magnetic moments for controlling its operating temperature in the range between 30 mK and 1 K with the accuracy of up to 7 $μ$K. The time available for STM experiments at 50 mK is longer than 20 h, at 100 mK about 40 h. The single-shot adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) can be regenerated automatically within 7 hours while keeping the STM temperature below 5 K. The whole setup is located in a vibrationally isolated, electromagnetically shielded laboratory with no mechanical pumping lines penetrating through its isolation walls. The 1K pot of the ADR cryostat can be operated silently for more than 20 days in a single-shot mode using a custom-built high-capacity cryopump. A high degree of vibrational decoupling together with the use of a specially-designed minimalistic STM head provides an outstanding mechanical stability, demonstrated by the tunneling current noise, STM imaging, and scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements all performed on atomically clean Al(100) surface.
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