种子库有助于维持相互作用的浮游植物物种的多样性
Seed banks can help to maintain the diversity of interacting phytoplankton species
摘要：
种子形成是生殖周期的一部分，导致抗性阶段的积累，可以长时间承受恶劣的环境条件。在群落一级，具有这种长期生命阶段的多个物种更有可能共存。虽然这一过程对生物多样性的影响已经在陆地植物中进行了研究，但在浮游植物多物种动态模型中，种子库通常被忽视，尽管这种种子库有广泛的经验证据。在这项研究中，我们建立了一个相互作用的浮游植物物种，包括一个休息阶段供应的种子库的metacerity模型。该模型是参数化的，以成本驱动的增长率函数和基于字段的相互作用估计，其中包括促进和竞争的相互作用。隔间（沿海浮游细胞，沿海休息单元在海底，和开放的海洋浮游细胞）之间的交流是由流体动力学参数，模型的敏感性进行了评估。我们考虑两种模型，即，有和没有对生长速率的相互作用的饱和效应。我们的研究结果是一致的模型之间，并表明，种子库允许保持所有物种的社区超过30年。事实上，一小部分物种在一年中的特定时间很容易灭绝，但这一过程被它们在休眠阶段的生存所缓冲。因此，我们强调的潜在作用的种子库经常重新入侵的沿海社区，并在重新播种海洋区域的沿海环境。此外，种子库使种群能够容忍社区内更强的相互作用以及更严重的环境变化，例如在气候变化背景下预测的变化。因此，我们的研究表明，休息阶段可能有助于植物多样性的维持。
英文摘要：
Seed formation is part of the reproductive cycle, leading to the accumulation of resistance stages that can withstand harsh environmental conditions for long periods of time. At the community level, multiple species with such long-lasting life stages can be more likely to coexist. While the implications of this process for biodiversity have been studied in terrestrial plants, seed banks are usually neglected in phytoplankton multispecies dynamic models, in spite of widespread empirical evidence for such seed banks. In this study, we build a metacommunity model of interacting phytoplankton species, including a resting stage supplying the seed bank. The model is parameterized with empirically-driven growth rate functions and field-based interaction estimates, which include both facilitative and competitive interactions. Exchanges between compartments (coastal pelagic cells, coastal resting cells on the seabed, and open ocean pelagic cells) are controlled by hydrodynamical parameters to which the sensitivity of the model is assessed. We consider two models, i.e., with and without a saturating effect of the interactions on the growth rates. Our results are consistent between models, and show that a seed bank allows to maintain all species in the community over 30 years. Indeed, a fraction of the species are vulnerable to extinction at specific times within the year, but this process is buffered by their survival in their resting stage. We thus highlight the potential role of the seed bank in the recurrent re-invasion of the coastal community, and of coastal environments in re-seeding oceanic regions. Moreover, the seed bank enables populations to tolerate stronger interactions within the community as well as more severe changes to the environment, such as those predicted in a climate change context. Our study therefore shows how resting stages may help phytoplanktonic diversity maintenance.
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