极稀疏角质子层析成像方法
Methods for Extremely Sparse-Angle Proton Tomography
摘要：
质子射线照相术是一种用于测量等离子体中磁结构的广泛领域的诊断方法。具有多MeV动能的质子被磁场偏转，用于推断它们的路径积分场强。在这里，使用层析成像的方法提出了第一次解除这些路径集成的测量固有的简并，允许空间分辨磁场结构的三维完全重建。提出了两种技术，提高了性能的层析重建算法的情况下，与严重有限的数目的可用的探测光束，是在激光等离子体相互作用实验中的情况下，探针是由短，高功率激光脉冲照射的二次箔目标。这些方法同样适用于阴影法和干涉法等光学探头[M. Kasim et al.Phys.Rev.E95，023306（2017）]，从而为跨物理科学和工程学科的三维成像提供了一种颠覆性的新方法。
英文摘要：
Proton radiography is a widely-fielded diagnostic used to measure magnetic structures in plasma. The deflection of protons with multi-MeV kinetic energy by the magnetic fields is used to infer their path-integrated field strength. Here, the use of tomographic methods is proposed for the first time to lift the degeneracy inherent in these path-integrated measurements, allowing full reconstruction of spatially resolved magnetic field structures in three dimensions. Two techniques are proposed which improve the performance of tomographic reconstruction algorithms in cases with severely limited numbers of available probe beams, as is the case in laser-plasma interaction experiments where the probes are created by short, high-power laser pulse irradiation of secondary foil targets. The methods are equally applicable to optical probes such as shadowgraphy and interferometry [M. Kasim et al. Phys. Rev. E 95, 023306 (2017)], thereby providing a disruptive new approach to three dimensional imaging across the physical sciences and engineering disciplines.
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