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arXiv 2103.10522stat.ME
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离散均匀性的图解检验及其在拟合优度评价和多样本比较中的应用

Graphical Test for Discrete Uniformity and its Applications in Goodness of Fit Evaluation and Multiple Sample Comparison

Teemu Säilynoja, Paul-Christian Bürkner, Aki Vehtari

摘要:

评估给定分布的拟合优度在计算统计中起着重要作用。概率积分变换(PIT)可用于将给定样本是否源自参考分布的问题转换为均匀性检验问题。我们提出了新的模拟和优化为基础的方法,以获得同时置信带的整个经验累积分布函数(ECDF)的PIT值的均匀性的假设下。同时置信带对应于共同满足期望覆盖的每个点处的这种置信区间。这些方法也可以应用于参考分布仅由有限样本表示的情况。置信带为均匀性提供了直观的基于ECDF的图形测试,这也提供了关于差异质量的有用信息。我们进一步扩展的模拟和优化方法,以确定同时的置信带,用于测试多个样本是否来自相同的底层分布。这种多样本比较检验在马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗收敛性诊断中特别有用。我们提供了数值实验来评估使用模拟和真实世界数据的测试属性,并就其在计算统计工作流中的实际应用提出建议。

英文摘要:

Assessing goodness of fit to a given distribution plays an important role in computational statistics. The Probability integral transformation (PIT) can be used to convert the question of whether a given sample originates from a reference distribution into a problem of testing for uniformity. We present new simulation and optimization based methods to obtain simultaneous confidence bands for the whole empirical cumulative distribution function (ECDF) of the PIT values under the assumption of uniformity. Simultaneous confidence bands correspond to such confidence intervals at each point that jointly satisfy a desired coverage. These methods can also be applied in cases where the reference distribution is represented only by a finite sample. The confidence bands provide an intuitive ECDF-based graphical test for uniformity, which also provides useful information on the quality of the discrepancy. We further extend the simulation and optimization methods to determine simultaneous confidence bands for testing whether multiple samples come from the same underlying distribution. This multiple sample comparison test is especially useful in Markov chain Monte Carlo convergence diagnostics. We provide numerical experiments to assess the properties of the tests using both simulated and real world data and give recommendations on their practical application in computational statistics workflows.

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