以非平衡稳态为燃料的最大效率量子热机
Maximally effcient quantum thermal machines fuelled by nonequilibrium steady states
摘要：
热机的概念已经从经典的蒸汽机发展到最近提出的纳米量子系统作为工作流体。后者服从量子开放系统动力学，经常在非平衡条件下运行。然而，这种动力学在量子热机整体性能中的作用仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在这里，我们分析和优化的效率和功率输出的两级量子热机燃料的非平衡稳态。在充电的第一阶段中，由一个qutrit或两个耦合的量子比特组成的量子工作流体连接到不同温度的两个储存器，这建立了在系统中存储各向异性的热流;第二阶段包括在有限时间内从机器提取功的相干驱动力;最后，关闭外部驱动器，机器进入新的循环。
英文摘要：
The concept of thermal machines has evolved from the canonical steam engine to the recently proposed nanoscopic quantum systems as working fluids. The latter obey quantum open system dynamics and frequently operate in non-equilibrium conditions. However, the role of this dynamics in the overall performance of quantum heat engines remains an open problem. Here, we analyse and optimize the efficiency and power output of two-stage quantum heat engines fuelled by non-equilibrium steady states. In a charging first stage, the quantum working fluid consisting of a qutrit or two coupled qubits is connected to two reservoirs at different temperatures, which establish a heat current that stores ergotropy in the system; the second stage comprises a coherent driving force that extracts work from the machine in finite a amount of time; finally, the external drive is switched off and the machine enters a new cycle.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
