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arXiv 2103.09677astro-ph.GA
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Lockman黑洞中亚毫米星系的低频射电谱

Low-frequency radio spectra of submillimetre galaxies in the Lockman Hole

J. Ramasawmy, J. E. Geach, M. J. Hardcastle, P. N. Best, M. Bonato, M. Bondi, G. Calistro Rivera, R. K. Cochrane, J. E. Conway, K. Coppin, K. J. Duncan, J. S. D… 展开作者

J. Ramasawmy, J. E. Geach, M. J. Hardcastle, P. N. Best, M. Bonato, M. Bondi, G. Calistro Rivera, R. K. Cochrane, J. E. Conway, K. Coppin, K. J. Duncan, J. S. Dunlop, M. Franco, C. García-Vergara, M. J. Jarvis, R. Kondapally, I. McCheyne, I. Prandoni, H. J. A. Röttgering, D. J. B. Smith, C. Tasse, L. Wang

摘要:

我们调查的无线电特性的样本53源选择在850 $μ$ m的SCUBA-2宇宙学遗产调查使用新的深,低频无线电成像的洛克曼洞字段从低频阵列。将这些数据与来自GMRT和JVLA的额外无线电观测相结合,我们在我们的样本中发现了各种无线电频谱形状和光度,尽管它们具有类似的明亮亚毫米通量密度。我们用多波段射电谱指数描述了它们的谱形。找到强大的频谱平坦化在低频率的~20%的来源,我们调查的差异与非常平坦的低频频谱和那些“正常”的无线电频谱指数的来源。由于我们的样本的两个分组之间没有其他统计学上的显著差异,我们认为,任何差异是无法检测到的星系平均属性,我们可以观察到我们的未解决的图像,并可能涉及到星系的属性,我们不能解决,尺度$\lesssim$ 1千秒差距。我们将观测到的射电光谱平坦化归因于自由-自由吸收,提出那些具有显著低频光谱平坦化的源具有恒星形成气体的聚集分布。我们估计吸收材料的平均空间范围最多为几百秒差距,以产生在射电光谱中观察到的吸收水平。这一估计与文献中对亚毫米星系的最高分辨率观测是一致的,文献中发现了~100 pc尺度上不均匀尘埃分布的例子,并有证据表明星际介质中存在团块和结。此外,我们发现两个明亮的(> 6毫焦)submm源未检测到在所有其他波长。我们推测这些天体可能是非常高的红移源,可能位于z > 4。

英文摘要:

We investigate the radio properties of a sample of 53 sources selected at 850 $μ$m from the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey using new deep, low-frequency radio imaging of the Lockman Hole field from the Low Frequency Array. Combining these data with additional radio observations from the GMRT and the JVLA, we find a variety of radio spectral shapes and luminosities within our sample despite their similarly bright submillimetre flux densities. We characterise their spectral shapes in terms of multi-band radio spectral indices. Finding strong spectral flattening at low frequencies in ~20% of sources, we investigate the differences between sources with extremely flat low-frequency spectra and those with `normal' radio spectral indices. As there are no other statistically significant differences between the two subgroups of our sample as split by the radio spectral index, we suggest that any differences are undetectable in galaxy-averaged properties that we can observe with our unresolved images, and likely relate to galaxy properties that we cannot resolve, on scales $\lesssim$ 1 kpc. We attribute the observed spectral flattening in the radio to free-free absorption, proposing that those sources with significant low-frequency spectral flattening have a clumpy distribution of star-forming gas. We estimate an average spatial extent of absorbing material of at most several hundred parsecs to produce the levels of absorption observed in the radio spectra. This estimate is consistent with the highest-resolution observations of submillimetre galaxies in the literature, which find examples of non-uniform dust distributions on scales of ~100 pc, with evidence for clumps and knots in the interstellar medium. Additionally, we find two bright (> 6 mJy) submm sources undetected at all other wavelengths. We speculate that these objects may be very high redshift sources, likely residing at z > 4.

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