横观各向同性不可压缩软组织的声弹性：骨骼肌的表征
Acousto-elasticity of Transversely Isotropic Incompressible Soft Tissues: Characterization of Skeletal Striated Muscle
摘要：
利用剪切波弹性成像技术，我们测量了横纹肌在等长随意收缩过程中随应力变化的波速。为了将单个肌肉的行为与相邻肌肉的互补或拮抗作用分离，我们选择小指屈肌，其唯一功能是伸展小指。为了将波速与刚度联系起来，我们发展了一个剪切波在均匀、横观各向同性、不可压缩固体中受单轴应力作用的声弹性理论。然后，我们提供测量的表观剪切弹性模量沿，横向，纤维轴为6个健康的人类志愿者的不同年龄和性别。结果显示，在六个科目的差异很大。我们发现，沿纤维方向的表观剪切弹性模量的斜率的变化成反比的最大自愿收缩（MVC）所产生的志愿者。我们建议通过引入纤维的S（慢）或F（快）性质来解释我们的结果，这些纤维以不同的方式硬化肌肉，从而产生不同的MVC。这项工作为测量肌肉骨骼疾病或神经退行性疾病患者的肌肉弹性刚度开辟了道路。
英文摘要：
Using shear wave elastography, we measure the changes in the wave speed with the stress produced by a striated muscle during isometric voluntary contraction. To isolate the behaviour of an individual muscle from complementary or antagonistic actions of adjacent muscles, we select the flexor digiti minimi muscle, whose sole function is to extend the little finger. To link the wave speed to the stiffness, we develop an acousto-elastic theory for shear waves in homogeneous, transversely isotropic, incompressible solids subject to uniaxial stress. We then provide measurements of the apparent shear elastic modulus along, and transversely to, the fibre axis for six healthy human volunteers of different age and sex. The results display a great variety across the six subjects. We find that the slope of the apparent shear elastic modulus along the fibre direction changes inversely to the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) produced by the volunteer. We propose an interpretation of our results by introducing the S (slow) or F (fast) nature of the fibres, which harden the muscle differently and accordingly, produce different MVCs. This work opens the way to measuring the elastic stiffness of muscles in patients with musculoskeletal disorders or neurodegenerative diseases.
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