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arXiv 2103.08949cs.DC
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图的无等待近似一致性

Wait-free approximate agreement on graphs

Dan Alistarh, Faith Ellen, Joel Rybicki

摘要:

近似一致性是少数几个可以在异步系统中以无等待方式解决的共识变体之一,在异步系统中,进程通过读取和写入共享内存进行通信。在这项工作中,我们考虑了一个自然的概括的近似协议任意无向连通图。每个进程都被赋予一个图的顶点作为输入,如果没有错误,则必须输出一个顶点,使得-所有输出都在彼此的距离1内,并且-每个输出值位于两个输入值之间的最短路径上。从先前的工作中,已知通过从2-集协议(Castañeda et al.,2018年)。在这项工作中,我们调查的可解性和复杂性,这一任务的一般图。我们给出了一个新的,直接的证明不可能的近似协议周期的长度$c \ge 4$,通过推广的Sperner引理凸多边形。我们还扩展了从2-集协议的减少到更大的一类图,表明在这些图上的近似协议是不可解的。此外,我们表明,组合参数,使用现有的证明,是必要的,通过显示,不可能的等待免费算法在非均匀迭代快照模型不能证明通过基于扩展的证明。在积极的一面,我们提出了一个等待免费的算法一类图,适当地包含弦图类。

英文摘要:

Approximate agreement is one of the few variants of consensus that can be solved in a wait-free manner in asynchronous systems where processes communicate by reading and writing to shared memory. In this work, we consider a natural generalisation of approximate agreement on arbitrary undirected connected graphs. Each process is given a vertex of the graph as input and, if non-faulty, must output a vertex such that - all the outputs are within distance 1 of one another, and - each output value lies on a shortest path between two input values. From prior work, it is known that there is no wait-free algorithm among $n \ge 3$ processes for this problem on any cycle of length $c \ge 4$, by reduction from 2-set agreement (Castañeda et al., 2018). In this work, we investigate the solvability and complexity of this task on general graphs. We give a new, direct proof of the impossibility of approximate agreement on cycles of length $c \ge 4$, via a generalisation of Sperner's Lemma to convex polygons. We also extend the reduction from 2-set agreement to a larger class of graphs, showing that approximate agreement on on these graphs is unsolvable. Furthermore, we show that combinatorial arguments, used by both existing proofs, are necessary, by showing that the impossibility of a wait-free algorithm in the nonuniform iterated snapshot model cannot be proved via an extension-based proof. On the positive side, we present a wait-free algorithm for a class of graphs that properly contains the class of chordal graphs.

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