使用空间分布异步并行进程复制的人工细胞的复杂性和适应性增加
Increased Complexity and Fitness of Artificial Cells that Reproduce Using Spatially Distributed Asynchronous Parallel Processes
摘要：
复制时间是细菌细胞繁殖适应性的最重要组成部分之一。奇怪的是，较大的细胞比较小的细胞在更短的时间内复制，尽管构建较大的细胞需要更多的原材料和能量。这一壮举主要是通过核糖体的大量过度表达来实现的，核糖体的过度表达使得mRNA翻译成蛋白质这一生殖过程中的限制步骤得以大规模发生，如果没有使用并行处理，这是不可能的。在计算机科学中，空间并行是指在分布式内存多计算机系统的节点上分配工作。尽管人工生命研究中不可忽视的一部分是基于空间平行基质的配方，但还没有人工生物使用空间平行性在比较小生物更短的时间内复制的例子。本文描述了使用基于组合子的人工化学定义的人工细胞，其比较小的细胞在更短的时间内复制。这是通过使用额外的程序副本来实现的，这些程序在细胞合成其组成部分的过程中执行限制步骤。显着的加速被证明，尽管增加了复杂性的控制和出口过程所必需的使用一个并行复制策略。
英文摘要：
Replication time is among the most important components of a bacterial cell's reproductive fitness. Paradoxically, larger cells replicate in less time than smaller cells despite the fact that building a larger cell requires increased quantities of raw materials and energy. This feat is primarily accomplished by the massive over expression of ribosomes, which permits translation of mRNA into protein, the limiting step in reproduction, to occur at a scale that would be impossible were it not for the use of parallel processing. In computer science, spatial parallelism is the distribution of work across the nodes of a distributed-memory multicomputer system. Despite the fact that a non-negligible fraction of artificial life research is grounded in formulations based on spatially parallel substrates, there have been no examples of artificial organisms that use spatial parallelism to replicate in less time than smaller organisms. This paper describes artificial cells defined using a combinator-based artificial chemistry that replicate in less time than smaller cells. This is achieved by employing extra copies of programs implementing the limiting steps in the process used by the cells to synthesize their component parts. Significant speedup is demonstrated, despite the increased complexity of control and export processes necessitated by the use of a parallel replication strategy.
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