玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体暗物质中的稳定涡旋
Stable vortex in Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter
摘要：
暗物质（DM）的性质是现代物理学最迷人的未解决的挑战之一。其中一种观点认为DM是由超轻玻色子组成的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）态。BEC的超流性质必然会极大地影响DM物质的性质，包括角动量的量子化。涡旋线形式的角动量量子将对星系中发光物质的密度分布和自转曲线产生重要影响。研究了具有典型星系晕质量和半径的旋转DM云的演化。分析了具有不同拓扑荷的涡旋孤子的解析和数值稳定态。已经表明，虽然所有多电荷涡旋态都是不稳定的，但单电荷涡旋孤子非常强大，并且在宇宙的生命周期中存活下来。
英文摘要：
The nature of dark matter (DM) is one of the most fascinating unresolved challenges of modern physics. One of the perspective hypotheses suggests that DM consists of ultralight bosonic particles in the state of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). The superfluid nature of BEC must dramatically affect the properties of DM matter including quantization of the angular momentum. Angular momentum quantum in the form of a vortex line is expected to produce a considerable impact on the luminous matter in galaxies including density distribution and rotation curves. We investigate the evolution of spinning DM cloud with typical galactic halo mass and radius. Analytically and numerically stationary vortex soliton states with different topological charges have been analyzed. It has been shown that while all multi-charged vortex states are unstable, a single-charged vortex soliton is extremely robust and survives during the lifetime of the Universe.
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