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arXiv 2103.07708astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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活动星系核吸积盘中的吸积改造星:缓慢瞬变现象

Accretion-modified Stars in Accretion Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei: Slowly Transient Appearance

Jian-Min Wang, Jun-Rong Liu, Luis C. Ho, Pu Du

摘要:

在活动星系核(AGN)的超大质量黑洞(SMBH)的吸积盘中存在着致密天体,在这样的致密环境($\sim 10^{14}\,{\rm cm^{-3}}$)中,它们将形成一种新的恒星群体,称为吸积修正星(AMS)。这一假设得到了最近LIGO/Virgo探测到的超大质量恒星双星黑洞(BH)合并的支持。我们表明,TZO将被捕获的SMBH盘在一个典型的活动星系核的寿命。在SMBH盘的背景下,BHD上的Bondi吸积速率是$\sim 10^{9}L_{\rm Edd}/c^{2}$,其中$L_{\rm Edd}$是爱丁顿光度,$c$是光速。从超爱丁顿吸积发展的外流强烈影响的Bondi球,并诱导幕式吸积。我们发现,超爱丁顿吸积将停止后的吸积间隔$t_{\rm a}\sim 10^{5}m_{1}\,$ s,其中$m_{1}=m_{\bullet}/10\sunm$是BH质量。在$t_{\rm a}$期间积累的外流动能相当于10颗超新星驱动邦迪球爆炸并产生冲击波。我们证明了由冲击波加速的相对论电子产生的同步辐射耀斑在软X射线波段($\sim 0.1\,$ keV)达到峰值,这对典型射电宁静类星体的射电、光学、紫外和软X射线辐射有重要贡献。电子的外部逆康普顿散射在$40\,$ GeV附近达到峰值,并且可以通过{ \it Fermi}-LAT检测到。耀斑随$t^{-6/5}$衰减几个月,将表现为缓慢变化的瞬变。在射电宁静类星体中,耀斑以每年几次的速度发生,为解释活动星系核的变化提供了一种新的机制。

英文摘要:

Compact objects are expected to exist in the accretion disks of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and in the presence of such a dense environment ($\sim 10^{14}\,{\rm cm^{-3}}$), they will form a new kind of stellar population denoted as Accretion-Modified Stars (AMSs). This hypothesis is supported by recent LIGO/Virgo detection of the mergers of very high-mass stellar binary black holes (BHs). We show that the TZOs will be trapped by the SMBH-disk within a typical AGN lifetime. In the context of SMBH-disks, the rates of Bondi accretion onto BHs are $\sim 10^{9}L_{\rm Edd}/c^{2}$, where $L_{\rm Edd}$ is the Eddington luminosity and $c$ is the speed of light. Outflows developed from the hyper-Eddington accretion strongly impact the Bondi sphere and induce episodic accretion. We show that the hyper-Eddington accretion will be halted after an accretion interval of $t_{\rm a}\sim 10^{5}m_{1}\,$s, where $m_{1}=m_{\bullet}/10\sunm$ is the BH mass. The kinetic energy of the outflows accumulated during $t_{\rm a}$ is equivalent to 10 supernovae driving an explosion of the Bondi sphere and developing blast waves. We demonstrate that a synchrotron flare from relativistic electrons accelerated by the blast waves peaks in the soft X-ray band ($\sim 0.1\,$keV), significantly contributing to the radio, optical, UV, and soft X-ray emission of typical radio-quiet quasars. External inverse Compton scattering of the electrons peaks around $40\,$GeV and is detectable through {\it Fermi}-LAT. The flare, decaying with $t^{-6/5}$ with a few months, will appear as a slowly varying transient. The flares, occurring at a rate of a few per year in radio-quiet quasars, provide a new mechanism for explaining AGN variability.

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