PhotoApp: Photorealistic Appearance Editing of Head Portraits
MPI for Informatics, SIC（马克斯-普朗克信息学研究所（MPI for Informatics, SIC））；InterDigital R&I（InterDigital研发（InterDigital R&I））；University College London（伦敦大学学院（University College London））；IST Austria（奥地利科学技术研究所（IST Austria））；Harvard University（哈佛大学（Harvard University））；MIT CSAIL（麻省理工学院计算机科学与人工智能实验室（MIT CSAIL））
Mallikarjun B R, Ayush Tewari, Abdallah Dib, Tim Weyrich, Bernd Bickel, Hans-Peter Seidel, Hanspeter Pfister, Wojciech Matusik, Louis Chevallier, Mohamed Elghar… 展开作者
Mallikarjun B R, Ayush Tewari, Abdallah Dib, Tim Weyrich, Bernd Bickel, Hans-Peter Seidel, Hanspeter Pfister, Wojciech Matusik, Louis Chevallier, Mohamed Elgharib, Christian Theobalt
Photorealistic editing of portraits is a challenging task as humans are very sensitive to inconsistencies in faces. We present an approach for high-quality intuitive editing of the camera viewpoint and scene illumination in a portrait image. This requires our method to capture and control the full reflectance field of the person in the image. Most editing approaches rely on supervised learning using training data captured with setups such as light and camera stages. Such datasets are expensive to acquire, not readily available and do not capture all the rich variations of in-the-wild portrait images. In addition, most supervised approaches only focus on relighting, and do not allow camera viewpoint editing. Thus, they only capture and control a subset of the reflectance field. Recently, portrait editing has been demonstrated by operating in the generative model space of StyleGAN. While such approaches do not require direct supervision, there is a significant loss of quality when compared to the supervised approaches. In this paper, we present a method which learns from limited supervised training data. The training images only include people in a fixed neutral expression with eyes closed, without much hair or background variations. Each person is captured under 150 one-light-at-a-time conditions and under 8 camera poses. Instead of training directly in the image space, we design a supervised problem which learns transformations in the latent space of StyleGAN. This combines the best of supervised learning and generative adversarial modeling. We show that the StyleGAN prior allows for generalisation to different expressions, hairstyles and backgrounds. This produces high-quality photorealistic results for in-the-wild images and significantly outperforms existing methods. Our approach can edit the illumination and pose simultaneously, and runs at interactive rates.
PortraitGen: Exemplar-Driven GRPO with Dual-Reward Guidance for Photorealistic Portrait Generation
Dalian University of Technology（大连理工大学）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；WeChat, Tencent Inc.（腾讯微信）
To the best of our knowledge, we first present a live system that generates personalized photorealistic talking-head animation only driven by audio signals at over 30 fps. Our system contains three stages. The first stage is a deep neural network that extracts deep audio features along with a manifold projection to project the features to the target person's speech space. In the second stage, we learn facial dynamics and motions from the projected audio features. The predicted motions include head poses and upper body motions, where the former is generated by an autoregressive probabilistic mo…
Diffusion models have recently been shown to generate high-quality synthetic images, especially when paired with a guidance technique to trade off diversity for fidelity. We explore diffusion models for the problem of text-conditional image synthesis and compare two different guidance strategies: CLIP guidance and classifier-free guidance. We find that the latter is preferred by human evaluators for both photorealism and caption similarity, and often produces photorealistic samples. Samples from a 3.5 billion parameter text-conditional diffusion model using classifier-free guidance are favored…
Cardiff University（卡迪夫大学）；Carleton University（卡尔顿大学）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）；The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya（赫兹利亚跨学科中心）；Pohang University of Science and Technology（浦项科技大学）；Lambda Labs, Inc.（Lambda Labs公司）；Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam（波茨坦大学哈索·普拉特纳研究院）；Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology（三星高等技术研究院）
Despite the recent upsurge of activity in image-based non-photorealistic rendering (NPR), and in particular portrait image stylisation, due to the advent of neural style transfer, the state of performance evaluation in this field is limited, especially compared to the norms in the computer vision and machine learning communities. Unfortunately, the task of evaluating image stylisation is thus far not well defined, since it involves subjective, perceptual and aesthetic aspects. To make progress towards a solution, this paper proposes a new structured, three level, benchmark dataset for the eval…
Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；Data61/CSIRO（数据61/联邦科学与工业研究组织）
Recovering the latent photorealistic faces from their artistic portraits aids human perception and facial analysis. However, a recovery process that can preserve identity is challenging because the fine details of real faces can be distorted or lost in stylized images. In this paper, we present a new Identity-preserving Face Recovery from Portraits (IFRP) to recover latent photorealistic faces from unaligned stylized portraits. Our IFRP method consists of two components: Style Removal Network (SRN) and Discriminative Network (DN). The SRN is designed to transfer feature maps of stylized images…
Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团）；Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院软件研究所）
Aiming at developing intuitive and easy-to-use portrait editing tools, we propose a novel vectorization method that can automatically convert raster images into a 3-tier hierarchical representation. The base layer consists of a set of sparse diffusion curves (DC) which characterize salient geometric features and low-frequency colors and provide means for semantic color transfer and facial expression editing. The middle level encodes specular highlights and shadows to large and editable Poisson regions (PR) and allows the user to directly adjust illumination via tuning the strength and/or chang…
Data61/CSIRO（联邦科学与工业研究组织Data61）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）
Given an artistic portrait, recovering the latent photorealistic face that preserves the subject's identity is challenging because the facial details are often distorted or fully lost in artistic portraits. We develop an Identity-preserving Face Recovery from Portraits (IFRP) method that utilizes a Style Removal network (SRN) and a Discriminative Network (DN). Our SRN, composed of an autoencoder with residual block-embedded skip connections, is designed to transfer feature maps of stylized images to the feature maps of the corresponding photorealistic faces. Owing to the Spatial Transformer Ne…
Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；Data61/CSIRO（Data61/联邦科学与工业研究组织）
Recovering a photorealistic face from an artistic portrait is a challenging task since crucial facial details are often distorted or completely lost in artistic compositions. To handle this loss, we propose an Attribute-guided Face Recovery from Portraits (AFRP) that utilizes a Face Recovery Network (FRN) and a Discriminative Network (DN). FRN consists of an autoencoder with residual block-embedded skip-connections and incorporates facial attribute vectors into the feature maps of input portraits at the bottleneck of the autoencoder. DN has multiple convolutional and fully-connected layers, an…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Microsoft Research（微软研究院）
Portrait editing is a popular subject in photo manipulation. The Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) advances the generating of realistic faces and allows more face editing. In this paper, we argue about three issues in existing techniques: diversity, quality, and controllability for portrait synthesis and editing. To address these issues, we propose a novel end-to-end learning framework that leverages conditional GANs guided by provided face masks for generating faces. The framework learns feature embeddings for every face component (e.g., mouth, hair, eye), separately, contributing to bette…
City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）；Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
The research topic of sketch-to-portrait generation has witnessed a boost of progress with deep learning techniques. The recently proposed StyleGAN architectures achieve state-of-the-art generation ability but the original StyleGAN is not friendly for sketch-based creation due to its unconditional generation nature. To address this issue, we propose a direct conditioning strategy to better preserve the spatial information under the StyleGAN framework. Specifically, we introduce Spatially Conditioned StyleGAN (SC-StyleGAN for short), which explicitly injects spatial constraints to the original …
Max Planck Institute for Informatics（马克斯·普朗克信息学研究所）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）
Editing of portrait images is a very popular and important research topic with a large variety of applications. For ease of use, control should be provided via a semantically meaningful parameterization that is akin to computer animation controls. The vast majority of existing techniques do not provide such intuitive and fine-grained control, or only enable coarse editing of a single isolated control parameter. Very recently, high-quality semantically controlled editing has been demonstrated, however only on synthetically created StyleGAN images. We present the first approach for embedding rea…
College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学计算与数据科学学院）；Adobe Research（奥多比研究院）；Wangxuan Institute of Computer Technology, Peking University（北京大学王选计算机技术研究院）
Millions of images of human faces are captured every single day; but these photographs portray the likeness of an individual with a fixed pose, expression, and appearance. Portrait image animation enables the post-capture adjustment of these attributes from a single image while maintaining a photorealistic reconstruction of the subject's likeness or identity. Still, current methods for portrait image animation are typically based on 2D warping operations or manipulations of a 2D generative adversarial network (GAN) and lack explicit mechanisms to enforce multi-view consistency. Thus these meth…
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Tencent AI Lab（腾讯人工智能实验室）；ByteDance Inc.（字节跳动公司）
Existing 3D-aware facial generation methods face a dilemma in quality versus editability: they either generate editable results in low resolution or high-quality ones with no editing flexibility. In this work, we propose a new approach that brings the best of both worlds together. Our system consists of three major components: (1) a 3D-semantics-aware generative model that produces view-consistent, disentangled face images and semantic masks; (2) a hybrid GAN inversion approach that initialize the latent codes from the semantic and texture encoder, and further optimized them for faithful recon…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University（澳门理工大学应用科学学院）；Nanjing University（南京大学）；Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autònoma（巴塞罗那自治大学计算机视觉中心）；Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团）；VCIP, CS, Nankai University（南开大学电子信息与光学工程学院（注：VCIP为视频与图像处理方向，此处按原文机构提取））；Ant Group（蚂蚁集团）；Institute for Intelligent Computing, Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团智能计算研究院）
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Snap Inc（斯奈普公司）；Microsoft Cloud AI（微软云人工智能）；City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）
Despite the recent success of face image generation with GANs, conditional hair editing remains challenging due to the under-explored complexity of its geometry and appearance. In this paper, we present MichiGAN (Multi-Input-Conditioned Hair Image GAN), a novel conditional image generation method for interactive portrait hair manipulation. To provide user control over every major hair visual factor, we explicitly disentangle hair into four orthogonal attributes, including shape, structure, appearance, and background. For each of them, we design a corresponding condition module to represent, pr…
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学人工智能学院）；Tencent AI Lab（腾讯人工智能实验室）
One-shot video-driven talking face generation aims at producing a synthetic talking video by transferring the facial motion from a video to an arbitrary portrait image. Head pose and facial expression are always entangled in facial motion and transferred simultaneously. However, the entanglement sets up a barrier for these methods to be used in video portrait editing directly, where it may require to modify the expression only while maintaining the pose unchanged. One challenge of decoupling pose and expression is the lack of paired data, such as the same pose but different expressions. Only a…
Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团）；Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院软件研究所）
We develop a new method for portrait image editing, which supports fine-grained editing of geometries, colors, lights and shadows using a single neural network model. We adopt a novel asymmetric conditional GAN architecture: the generators take the transformed conditional inputs, such as edge maps, color palette, sliders and masks, that can be directly edited by the user; the discriminators take the conditional inputs in the way that can guide controllable image generation more effectively. Taking color editing as an example, we feed color palettes (which can be edited easily) into the generat…
StyleGAN generates photorealistic portrait images of faces with eyes, teeth, hair and context (neck, shoulders, background), but lacks a rig-like control over semantic face parameters that are interpretable in 3D, such as face pose, expressions, and scene illumination. Three-dimensional morphable face models (3DMMs) on the other hand offer control over the semantic parameters, but lack photorealism when rendered and only model the face interior, not other parts of a portrait image (hair, mouth interior, background). We present the first method to provide a face rig-like control over a pretrain…
Adaptive and flexible image editing is a desirable function of modern generative models. In this work, we present a generative model with auto-encoder architecture for per-region style manipulation. We apply a code consistency loss to enforce an explicit disentanglement between content and style latent representations, making the content and style of generated samples consistent with their corresponding content and style references. The model is also constrained by a content alignment loss to ensure the foreground editing will not interfere background contents. As a result, given interested re…
SketchFaceGS: Real-Time Sketch-Driven Face Editing and Generation with Gaussian Splatting
Shandong Technology and Business University（山东科技与商务大学）；Nanchang Hangkong University（南昌航空大学）；Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；Tencent AI Lab（腾讯人工智能实验室）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）
Previous portrait image generation methods roughly fall into two categories: 2D GANs and 3D-aware GANs. 2D GANs can generate high fidelity portraits but with low view consistency. 3D-aware GAN methods can maintain view consistency but their generated images are not locally editable. To overcome these limitations, we propose FENeRF, a 3D-aware generator that can produce view-consistent and locally-editable portrait images. Our method uses two decoupled latent codes to generate corresponding facial semantics and texture in a spatial aligned 3D volume with shared geometry. Benefiting from such un…
Peking University（北京大学）；Advanced Institute of Information Technology, Peking University（北京大学信息技术高等研究院）；Tencent America（腾讯美国）
Generating portrait images by controlling the motions of existing faces is an important task of great consequence to social media industries. For easy use and intuitive control, semantically meaningful and fully disentangled parameters should be used as modifications. However, many existing techniques do not provide such fine-grained controls or use indirect editing methods i.e. mimic motions of other individuals. In this paper, a Portrait Image Neural Renderer (PIRenderer) is proposed to control the face motions with the parameters of three-dimensional morphable face models (3DMMs). The propo…
Over the years, 2D GANs have achieved great successes in photorealistic portrait generation. However, they lack 3D understanding in the generation process, thus they suffer from multi-view inconsistency problem. To alleviate the issue, many 3D-aware GANs have been proposed and shown notable results, but 3D GANs struggle with editing semantic attributes. The controllability and interpretability of 3D GANs have not been much explored. In this work, we propose two solutions to overcome these weaknesses of 2D GANs and 3D-aware GANs. We first introduce a novel 3D-aware GAN, SURF-GAN, which is capab…
Lite2Relight: 3D-aware Single Image Portrait Relighting
MPI for Informatics, SIC & VIA Research Center（MPI信息学研究所SIC与VIA研究中心）；Google Inc.（谷歌公司）；Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)（埃尔朗根-纽伦堡弗里德里希-亚历山大大学（FAU））；IST Austria（奥地利科学技术研究所）；ETH Zürich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；Harvard University（哈佛大学）；MIT（麻省理工学院）；MPI for Informatics（MPI信息学研究所）
Current Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) produce photorealistic renderings of portrait images. Embedding real images into the latent space of such models enables high-level image editing. While recent methods provide considerable semantic control over the (re-)generated images, they can only generate a limited set of viewpoints and cannot explicitly control the camera. Such 3D camera control is required for 3D virtual and mixed reality applications. In our solution, we use a few images of a face to perform 3D reconstruction, and we introduce the notion of the GAN camera manifold, the key…
