废奴主义网络：19世纪激进主义报纸语言变化的模型
Abolitionist Networks: Modeling Language Change in Nineteenth-Century Activist Newspapers
摘要：
19世纪美国的废奴主义运动仍然是美国历史上最重要的社会和政治运动之一。主张废除奴隶制的报纸在围绕与废除奴隶制有关的一系列问题传播信息和形成公众舆论方面发挥了至关重要的作用。这些报纸也是今天学者了解这场运动的主要信息来源，从而对这场运动及其领导人进行了强有力的新描述。本文补充了最近的定性工作的作用，妇女在废除死刑的先锋，以及黑人新闻界的作用，定量文本建模方法。使用历时性的词嵌入，我们确定哪些报纸倾向于引导词汇语义创新-引入特定词汇的新用法-以及哪些报纸倾向于遵循。然后，我们将数百个变化的证据汇总到一个以报纸为节点的加权网络中;有向边权重表示每份报纸在采用词汇语义变化时领先于其他报纸的频率。对这一网络的分析揭示了词汇语义影响的途径，区分了领导者和追随者，以及那些与这一时期席卷而来的语义变化无关的人。更具体地说，我们发现，两份报纸编辑的妇女-商业自由人和百合花-导致大量的语义变化，在我们的语料库，贷款额外的可信度的论点，多种族的妇女联盟领导废奴运动在思想和行动方面。它也增加了学术研究的复杂性，这些学术研究试图将废奴运动与妇女选举权运动的关系以及作为其关系特征的令人烦恼的种族政治分开。
英文摘要：
The abolitionist movement of the nineteenth-century United States remains among the most significant social and political movements in US history. Abolitionist newspapers played a crucial role in spreading information and shaping public opinion around a range of issues relating to the abolition of slavery. These newspapers also serve as a primary source of information about the movement for scholars today, resulting in powerful new accounts of the movement and its leaders. This paper supplements recent qualitative work on the role of women in abolition's vanguard, as well as the role of the Black press, with a quantitative text modeling approach. Using diachronic word embeddings, we identify which newspapers tended to lead lexical semantic innovations -- the introduction of new usages of specific words -- and which newspapers tended to follow. We then aggregate the evidence across hundreds of changes into a weighted network with the newspapers as nodes; directed edge weights represent the frequency with which each newspaper led the other in the adoption of a lexical semantic change. Analysis of this network reveals pathways of lexical semantic influence, distinguishing leaders from followers, as well as others who stood apart from the semantic changes that swept through this period. More specifically, we find that two newspapers edited by women -- THE PROVINCIAL FREEMAN and THE LILY -- led a large number of semantic changes in our corpus, lending additional credence to the argument that a multiracial coalition of women led the abolitionist movement in terms of both thought and action. It also contributes additional complexity to the scholarship that has sought to tease apart the relation of the abolitionist movement to the women's suffrage movement, and the vexed racial politics that characterized their relation.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
