临界点的两态模型与熔化曲线的负斜率
Two state model for critical points and the negative slope of the melting-curve
摘要：
我们提出了一个热力学模型，它解释了在熔融曲线中存在的负斜率，如在高压下的碱金属和分子氢等不同的系统中所观察到的。我们假设系统的组成部分可以处于两种定义明确的状态之一-一种与低能量相关，另一种与低体积相关。该模型表现出一些可测量的功能，也观察到在这些系统中，因此预计将与所有负克拉珀龙斜率系统：一阶相变，热力学异常Widom线。熔化曲线最大值是模型的一个特征，但出现在固体中状态变化发生的压力以下：固-固转变与熔化线最小值有关。一个例子的模型拟合钾的钙钛矿过渡进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
We present a thermodynamic model which explains the presence of a negative slope in the melt curve, as observed in systems as diverse as the alkali metals and molecular hydrogen at high pressure. We assume that components of the system can be in one of two well defined states - one associated with low energy, the other with low volume. The model exhibits a number of measurable features which are also observed in these systems and are therefore expected to be associated with all negative Clapeyron-slope systems: first order phase transitions, thermodynamic anomalies along Widom lines. The melt curve maximum is a feature of the model, but appears well below the pressures where the change in state occurs in the solid: the solid-solid transition is related to the melt line minimum. An example of the model fitted to the electride transition in potassium is discussed.
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