文件塔：一个MATLAB软件，实现了数字文档和图书馆可视化探索的三维体系结构范例
Document Towers: A MATLAB software implementing a three-dimensional architectural paradigm for the visual exploration of digital documents and libraries
摘要：
本文介绍了通用的文档塔范例、可视化和用于可视化分页文档结构的软件，这些都是基于文档即架构的隐喻。文档塔可视化类似于三维建筑模型，并表示逻辑的物理边界（例如，标题，图像），语义（例如，主题，命名实体），图形（例如，字体、颜色）以及其他类型的信息，其空间范围为房间和楼层的堆叠。该软件将用户提供的JSON格式的文档实体坐标和标签作为输入，或者从ALTO和InDesign IDML文件中提取它们。文档塔范例和可视化使信息系统能够支持面向目标的搜索之外的信息行为。可视化通过生成全景概述和培养偶然的见解来鼓励探索，而隐喻的使用则通过应用熟悉的认知模型来帮助理解表征。文档塔可视化还提供对文本内容以外的信息类型的访问，特别是通过它们的物理结构，它对应于文档的材料，逻辑，语义和上下文方面。可视化使文档变得透明，使不可见的内容变得可见，并使分析变得一目了然，而无需进行物理操作。关键字搜索和其他基于语言的文档交互必须明确表达，并且只返回所提问题的答案;相比之下，视觉观察非常适合模糊目标和发现数据的意外方面。
英文摘要：
This article introduces the generic Document Towers paradigm, visualization, and software for visualizing the structure of paginated documents, based on the metaphor of documents-as-architecture. The Document Towers visualizations resemble three-dimensional building models and represent the physical boundaries of logical (e.g., titles, images), semantic (e.g., topics, named entities), graphical (e.g., typefaces, colors), and other types of information with spatial extent as a stack of rooms and floors. The software takes as input user-supplied JSON-formatted coordinates and labels of document entities, or extracts them itself from ALTO and InDesign IDML files. The Document Towers paradigm and visualization enable information systems to support information behaviors other than goal-oriented searches. Visualization encourages exploration by generating panoramic overviews and fostering serendipitous insights, while the use of metaphors assists with comprehension of the representations through the application of a familiar cognitive model. Document Towers visualizations also provide access to types of information other than textual content, specifically by means of their physical structure, which corresponds to the material, logical, semantic, and contextual aspects of documents. Visualization renders documents transparent, making the invisible visible and facilitating analysis at a glance and without the need for physical manipulation. Keyword searches and other language-based interactions with documents must be clearly expressed and will return only answers to questions asked; by contrast, visual observation is well suited to fuzzy goals and uncovering unexpected aspects of the data.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
