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arXiv 2103.06882astro-ph.GA
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高红移星系中令人惊讶的冷气体盘的起源

On the origin of surprisingly cold gas discs in galaxies at high redshift

Michael Kretschmer, Avishai Dekel, Romain Teyssier

摘要:

我们解决了令人费解的观测指示非常"冷"星系盘在红移$z \gtrsim 3$,一个时代时,光盘预计将高度扰动。使用高分辨率的宇宙学放大模拟,我们确定这样一个冷盘在$z\sim 3.5$,旋转速度与速度色散比$v_ϕ/σ_r \simeq 5$的总气体。它是共面、同向旋转气体通过冷宇宙网流在一段时间内强烈吸积的结果。这个薄盘存活了$\sim 5$轨道周期,之后它被合并和反向旋转流破坏,更长,但与我们的估计一致,即这种质量的星系($M_\star\sim10^{10}\mathrm{M_\odot}$)通常存活合并驱动的自旋翻转$\sim 2-3$轨道周期。我们发现,$v_ϕ/σ_r$是高度敏感的示踪剂用于执行运动学分析。对于原子HI气体是$v_ϕ/σ_r \simeq 3.5$,对于分子CO和H是$v_ϕ/σ_r \simeq 8$ $_2$。这反映了分子气体被限制在位于圆盘中面附近的冷而稠密的云中,而原子气体则扩散到湍流和更厚的圆盘中。所提出的机制是一个理论上的建议,尚未得到适当的统计测量的验证,目前还不清楚它是否经常发生,足以解释在高z星系中发现的冷气盘。

英文摘要:

We address the puzzling observational indications for very "cold" galactic discs at redshifts $z \gtrsim 3$, an epoch when discs are expected to be highly perturbed. Using a high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulation, we identify such a cold disc at $z\sim 3.5$, with a rotation velocity to velocity dispersion ratio of $v_ϕ/σ_r \simeq 5$ for the total gas. It forms as a result of a period of intense accretion of co-planar, co-rotating gas via cold cosmic-web streams. This thin disc survives for $\sim 5$ orbital periods, after which it is disrupted by mergers and counter-rotating streams, longer but consistent with our estimate that a galaxy of this mass ($M_\star\sim10^{10}\mathrm{M_\odot}$) typically survives merger-driven spin flips for $\sim 2-3$ orbital periods. We find that $v_ϕ/σ_r$ is highly sensitive to the tracer used to perform the kinematic analysis. While it is $v_ϕ/σ_r \simeq 3.5$ for atomic HI gas, it is $v_ϕ/σ_r \simeq 8$ for molecular CO and H$_2$. This reflects the confinement of molecular gas to cold, dense clouds that reside near the disc mid-plane, while the atomic gas is spread into a turbulent and more extended thicker disc. The proposed mechanisms is a theoretical proposal that has not been validated yet with proper statistical measurements and it remains unclear whether it occurs frequently enough to explain the multiple discoveries of cold gas disks in high-z galaxies.

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