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arXiv 2103.06497astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
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活动星系核热驱动风的合成吸收线轮廓

On Synthetic Absorption Line Profiles of Thermally Driven Winds from Active Galactic Nuclei

Shalini Ganguly, Daniel Proga, Tim Waters, Randall C. Dannen, Sergei Dyda, Margherita Giustini, Timothy Kallman, John Raymond, Jon Miller, Paola Rodriguez Hidalgo

摘要:

在所有附近活动星系核(AGN)中观察到的温暖吸收体是位于距中央引擎秒差距尺度距离处的电离流出的示踪物。如果最小的推断电离参数对应于几个$10^4$ ~K的等离子体,那么气体经历从束缚到非束缚的转变,只要它在更大的半径处被进一步加热到$\sim 10^6$ ~K。Dannen等人最近发现,在这种情况下,热驱动风的解是不稳定的,甚至由于热不稳定而显示出非常密集的团块。为了探索这些新的风的解决方案的观测后果,我们计算线轮廓的基础上的一维模拟Dannen等人。我们显示如何线轮廓,即使是一个简单的稳态风的解决方案依赖于吸收离子的电离能(IE),这是一个反映风电离分层。为了组织线形状的多样性,我们将它们分为四类:弱高斯,饱和的四方形配置文件,并没有扩展的蓝翼,和广泛的弱配置文件。具有后两类中的轮廓的线由具有最高IE的离子产生,其探测最快的区域。它们的最大蓝移与热不稳定模型中的最高流速一致,包括稳态和clusterian版本。相比之下,在热稳定模型中最高IE线的最大蓝移可以小于实际溶液速度的一半。Clurides解决方案可以额外的印记可区分的吸收槽在广泛分离的速度。

英文摘要:

The warm absorbers observed in more than half of all nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN) are tracers of ionized outflows located at parsec scale distances from the central engine. If the smallest inferred ionization parameters correspond to plasma at a few $10^4$~K, then the gas undergoes a transition from being bound to unbound provided it is further heated to $\sim 10^6$~K at larger radii. Dannen et al. recently discovered that under these circumstances, thermally driven wind solutions are unsteady and even show very dense clumps due to thermal instability. To explore the observational consequences of these new wind solutions, we compute line profiles based on the one-dimensional simulations of Dannen et al. We show how the line profiles from even a simple steady state wind solution depend on the ionization energy (IE) of absorbing ions, which is a reflection of the wind ionization stratification. To organize the diversity of the line shapes, we group them into four categories: weak Gaussians, saturated boxy profiles with and without an extended blue wing, and broad weak profiles. The lines with profiles in the last two categories are produced by ions with the highest IE that probe the fastest regions. Their maximum blueshifts agree with the highest flow velocities in thermally unstable models, both steady state and clumpy versions. In contrast, the maximum blueshifts of the most high IE lines in thermally stable models can be less than half of the actual solution velocities. Clumpy solutions can additionally imprint distinguishable absorption troughs at widely separated velocities.

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