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arXiv 2103.06232quant-phcs.AIcs.CRcs.LG
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具有差分隐私的量子机器学习

Quantum machine learning with differential privacy

Brookhaven National Laboratory(布鲁克海文国家实验室)

William M Watkins, Samuel Yen-Chi Chen, Shinjae Yoo

摘要:

量子机器学习(QML)可以补充将学习模型用于从图像识别到自然语音处理的各种分类任务的日益增长的趋势。一个量子优势的出现是由于量子运算在经典计算机上的棘手性。机器学习中使用的许多数据集都是众包的,或者包含一些私人信息。据我们所知,当前的QML模型都没有配备隐私保护功能,这引起了人们的担忧,因为模型不暴露敏感信息至关重要。因此,隐私保护算法需要用QML来实现。一种解决方案是使机器学习算法具有差异性,这意味着单个数据点对训练数据集的影响最小化。差分隐私机器学习模型已经被研究过,但是差分隐私还没有在QML的背景下被研究。在这项研究中,我们开发了一个混合量子经典模型,该模型使用差分隐私优化算法进行训练以保护隐私。这标志着隐私保护QML的第一个原理证明。实验表明,差分私有QML可以保护用户敏感信息,而不降低模型的准确性。虽然量子模型是在经典计算机上模拟和测试的,但它显示出在近期量子设备(噪声中间尺度量子[NISQ])上有效实现的潜力。该方法的成功说明通过空间分类的二维数据集和二进制MNIST分类的分类。这种隐私保护QML的实现将确保NISQ技术的机密性和准确学习。

英文摘要:

Quantum machine learning (QML) can complement the growing trend of using learned models for a myriad of classification tasks, from image recognition to natural speech processing. A quantum advantage arises due to the intractability of quantum operations on a classical computer. Many datasets used in machine learning are crowd sourced or contain some private information. To the best of our knowledge, no current QML models are equipped with privacy-preserving features, which raises concerns as it is paramount that models do not expose sensitive information. Thus, privacy-preserving algorithms need to be implemented with QML. One solution is to make the machine learning algorithm differentially private, meaning the effect of a single data point on the training dataset is minimized. Differentially private machine learning models have been investigated, but differential privacy has yet to be studied in the context of QML. In this study, we develop a hybrid quantum-classical model that is trained to preserve privacy using differentially private optimization algorithm. This marks the first proof-of-principle demonstration of privacy-preserving QML. The experiments demonstrate that differentially private QML can protect user-sensitive information without diminishing model accuracy. Although the quantum model is simulated and tested on a classical computer, it demonstrates potential to be efficiently implemented on near-term quantum devices (noisy intermediate-scale quantum [NISQ]). The approach's success is illustrated via the classification of spatially classed two-dimensional datasets and a binary MNIST classification. This implementation of privacy-preserving QML will ensure confidentiality and accurate learning on NISQ technology.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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